294 
Beetles 
when the host larva itself pupates the Stylops pushes one end of its own 
body out between two abdominal segments of the host, and there gives birth 
alive to many little triungulins. How the triungulins find their way to 
their bee-larva hosts is not very clear, but they probably lie in wait in flowers 
and when a bee comes along they cling to its leg and are thus carried to 
the nest where the larvae are. There are two genera of Stylopidae in our 
country, Xenos, which parasitizes the social wasps, Folistes, and Stylops, 
which parasitizes the mining-bees, Andrena. The triungulins of Xenos, 
being born in a community nest, can simply roam about over the brood- 
comb until they they find a wasp-larva to burrow into. 
Rhynchophora. 
In this suborder are included all those beetles known as curculios, wee¬ 
vils, bill-bugs, and snout-beetles (excepting the pea- and bean weevils, see 
p. 281). They are all characterized by the peculiar prolongation of the 
front of the head into a beak or snout, which may be long, slender and 
curved, or straight, short, thick, and obtuse. The mouth-parts, of which the 
small sharp jaws are the conspicuous feature, are situated at the tip of the 
snout; upper lip (labrum) and palpi are wanting. The antennae arise 
from the sides of the snout and are angularly bent or “elbowed” in the 
middle and end in a knobbed or clavate tip. The body is solid and compact, 
usually strongly rounded above, and many species are thinly or thickly cov¬ 
ered with scales. 
Most of the weevils feed, as adults, on fruits, nuts, and various seeds, 
though some attack stems and leaves, and others hard wood. Many 
feign death when disturbed, folding up their legs and head and lying 
inert until danger is past. The larvae are soft, wrinkled, white, footless 
grubs which mostly live in fruits, nuts, and seeds. The larvae and adults 
of the important family Scolytidae, variously called timber-beetles, bark- 
borers, or engraver-beetles, burrow in the bark and wood of trees living or 
dead. 
The principal families of the suborder can be separated by the following 
key: 
The dorsum of the last segment (pygidium) of the male divided transversely, so that 
this sex appears to have one more body-segment, when viewed dorsally, than 
the female'. 
Mandibles with a scar on the anterior aspect. 
(Scarred snout-beetles.) Otiorhynchid^e. 
Mandibles without scar on the anterior aspect.(Curculios.) CuRCULiONiDiE. 
Pygidium of both sexes undivided. 
Pygidium vertical; tibiae not serrate. 
(Bill-bugs and granary-weevils.) Calandrid^e. 
Pygidium horizontal; tibiae usually serrate.(Bark-beetles.) Scolytid^e. 
