3 7 6 
The Moths and Butterflies 
apple, the blotch-mines of the oaks and other forest trees. Even pine- 
needles are mined by certain species, the pine leaf-miner, Gelechia pini- 
foliella, being abundant in the leaves of pitch-pine. 
Interesting little Tineids are the apple and oak bucculatrix-moths, whose 
larvae feed on the leaves and when ready to pupate crawl to a stem or branch 
n f 2 T 3 r 4 
Fig. 532. 
Fig. 533. 
Fig. 532.—The apple-leaf bucculatrix, Bucculatrix pomifoliella , pupal cocoons on twig, 
one pupal cocoon removed, and moth. (After Riley; cocoons natural size; 
size of moth indicated by line.) 
Fig. 533.—Venation of a Pyralid moth, Pyralis farinalis. cs, costal vein; sc, subcostal 
vein; r, radial vein; m, medial vein; c, cubital vein; a , anal veins. Note the hair¬ 
like projection, called frenulum, at the base of the anterior margin of the hind wing. 
This fits into a little “frenulum pocket” on the fore wing. (After Comstock; 
enlarged.) 
and there make long, slender, finely woven little white cocoons, conspicuously 
ribbed or fluted lengthwise, in which they pupate (Figs. 531 and 532). The 
pupae hibernate, the tiny moth issuing the following spring and laying its 
eggs on the leaves. The larvae are miners at first, but after the first moulting 
feed on the outer surface of the leaves under thin flat silken webs. 
The Pyralidina include half a dozen families, some of the moths 
hardly properly called microlepidoptera, for they reach a wing expanse of 
ij inches. But most of the species are small and but few are at all 
familiar to collectors. The larvae of numerous species are injurious to 
fruits, stored grain, etc., and these species have a particular interest for 
economic entomologists. To collectors and nature students the most attrac¬ 
tive Pyralids will be the beautiful plume-moths, or feather-wings, small 
moths with the wings split or fissured longitudinally for one-half or more the 
length of the wing. The fore wings are usually thus divided into two parts 
and the hind wings into three (Fig. 534), but on some there are more divisions. 
All the feather-wings excepting one species belong to the family Pteropho- 
