The Moths and Butterflies 
3 8 ° 
Tortricids, but the majority of rolled-up leaves so commonly seen on shrubs 
and trees are the homes of these larvae. A number of species belonging to 
the genus Cacoecia are among the commonest and most important of these 
because they prefer the leaves of apple, plum, and cherry trees, and currants, 
raspberries, gooseberries, strawberries, cranberries, roses, etc 
Fig. 540. 
rather than 
those of trees and shrubs 
whose healthfulness is not 
so important to us. The 
larvae of Cacoecia rosaceana, 
the oblique-banded leaf- 
roller, pale yellowish-green 
caterpillars J inch long, dis¬ 
figure and injure many kinds 
of fruit-trees, small fruits, 
and garden shrubs. The 
moth expands about one 
inch, and has reddish-brown 
body, light, cinnamon-brown 
fore wings crossed by wavy 
dark-brown lines and ochre- 
yellow hind wings. Choke- 
berries, and cultivated cher¬ 
ries as well, are often attacked 
by the cherry-tree leaf-folder, 
C. cerasivorana (Fig. 538), whose active yellow larvae “fasten together with 
silken threads all the leaves and twigs of a branch and feed upon them, 
an entire brood occupying a single nest. The larvae change to pupae within 
the nest; and the pupae when about to transform work their way out and 
hang suspended from the outer portion of the nest.” The moths expand 
from -f to i\ inch, have bright ochre-yellow wings with brownish spots, and 
bands of pale leather-blue on the front ones. 
The oak leaf-roller, C. pervadana , similarly makes ugly nests in oak- 
trees in late summer, each nest consisting of a wad 
of tied-together leaves. Cranberry-plants are sometimes 
attacked by reddish, yellow-headed, warty-backed cater¬ 
pillars, which are the larvae of C. parallela (Fig. 540), 
a leaf-roller moth with reddish-orange fore wings crossed 
diagonally by numerous fine lines of a darker red-brown, 
and a pair of broad oblique red-brown bands. The hind 
wings are pale yellow. 
Notwithstanding the apparently sufficient protection afforded the leaf- 
rolling larvae by their tightly rolled cylindrical cases and webby nests, birds 
Fig. 538. —The cherry-tree leaf-roller Cacoecia cera¬ 
sivorana. (After Lugger; natural size.) 
Fig. 539. —Venation of a Tortricid, Cacoecia cera¬ 
sivorana. cs, costal vein; sc, subcostal vein; 
r, radial vein; m, medial vein; c, cubital vein; 
a, anal vein. (After Comstock; enlarged.) 
Fig. 540. —The cranberry leaf-roller, Cacoecia paral¬ 
lela. (After Lugger; natural size.) 
Fig. 541. — The 
sulphur-c o 1 o r e d 
tortrix, Dichelia 
sulfureana. (Af¬ 
ter Lugger; nat¬ 
ural size.) 
