The Moths and Butterflies 
381 
may often be seen cleverly engaged in extracting one by one the toothsome 
morsels from their homes. Hovering over a rolled leaf, the bill is carefully 
thrust into the roll for the unseen caterpillar and rarely withdrawn without 
it. Lugger says that the Baltimore oriole is particularly expert at this sort 
of hunting unseen prey. 
A certain Tortricid, accidentally imported many years ago from Europe, has 
become one of our serious grape pests. This is the grape-berry moth, Eu- 
/I 
Fig. 542.—The rus¬ 
set-brown tortrix, 
Platynota flavedana. 
(After Lugger; 
natural size.) 
eye- 
demis botrana, whose small slender whitish-green, black¬ 
headed larvae bore into green and ripening grapes and 
feed there on the pulp and seeds. When full-grown the 
larva becomes olive-green or dark brown and, forsaking 
the grape-berry, cuts out of a grape-leaf a little flap which 
it folds over and fastens with silk, thus forming a small 
oblong case within which it pupates. The moth expands 
-§ inch, and has slaty-blue fore wings, marked with dark 
reddish-brown bands and spots, while the hind wings are uniform dull brown. 
Another well-known Tortricid pest is the bud-moth, Tmetocera ocellana 
(Fig. 543), whose larvae burrow into opening fruit- and leaf-buds on apple- 
. . trees and eat them. The moth expands f inch and is 
dark ashen-gray with a large irregular whitish band on 
the fore wing. 
By far the best known and most feared and hated 
Tortricid is the codlin-moth, Carpocapsa pomonella (Figs. 
545 and 546), the most important enemy of the apple- 
Distributed all over the United States, wherever 
apples are grown, minute and obscure so as to be 
easily overlooked until fairly intrenched in the orchard, 
prolific and subject to no very disastrous parasitic attacks, this frail little 
species causes losses to fruit-growers of no less than $10,000,000 annually. 
The moth, which hides by day and is seldom seen, has the fore wings 
marked with alternate irregular transverse wavy streaks of ash-gray and 
brown, with a large tawny spot on the inner 
hind angle, the hind wings and abdomen 
light yellowish brown with a satiny luster. It 
lays its eggs (for the first generation, the species 
being two-brooded over most of the country) 
in the calyx of the newly forming apple, or 
sometimes, as recently observed in California, 
on the side of the tiny fruit. The larvae, hatch¬ 
ing in from three to five days, begin to feed on 
the green fruit, soon burrowing into its center. 
Fig. 543—The 
spotted bud-moth 
Tmetocera ocellana. htaixtot* 
(After Lugger; ^ 
natural size.) 
Fig. 544.—The cranberry 
worm-moth, Rhopotota vac- 
ciniana. (After Lugger; 
natural size indicated by 
line.) 
They become full-grown before the apples ripen, burrow out and crawl 
