The Moths and Butterflies 
409 
which are light brown with many fine black lines and one broad orange 
band across each segment and head and cervical shield deep orange with 
black dots, feed on the Virginia creeper, sometimes on the grape, and often 
are so abundant as to injure the plants seriously. The caterpillar is nearly 
ij inches long when full-grown, and burrows into soft or rotten wood to 
pupate, or failing this pupates on or just below the surface of the ground. 
The beautiful wood-nymph, Eudryas grata (Fig. 590) (classed by 
some entomologists with the Noctuidae), is very different in color and 
pattern, having milk-white fore wings broadly bordered and marked with 
brownish purple and with two indistinct brownish spots in the center. 
The under surface of these wings is reddish yellow. The hind wings are 
yellow with a pale purplish-brown border. The head is black and there 
is a wide black stripe along the back of the thorax, breaking up into a 
series of spots along the abdomen. The caterpillar is much like that of 
the eight-spotted forester and feeds on the same plants. “The moth, which 
is active at night and sometimes attracted to electric lights in large numbers, 
is very often discovered during the day upon the surface of the leaves of its 
food-plants. Its closed wings form a steep roof over its back, and its four 
legs, which have a curious muff-like tuft of white hairs, are protruded and 
give the insect a very peculiar appearance.” 
The grape-vine Epimenis, Psychomorpha epimenis, is a small velvety 
black Agaristid moth with a broad, irregularly lunate, white patch across 
the outer third of the fore wing and a somewhat larger and more regular 
patch of orange-red or brick-red on the hind wings. Its bluish caterpillar 
feeds on grape-leaves. 
Delicate and pretty are the little footman-moths, Lithosiidae, in their 
liveries of drab or slate, yellow or scarlet, and with their slender bodies 
and trimly narrow fore wings. The larvae of but few species are known; 
they mostly feed on lichens and have the body covered with short stiff 
hairs. Because these caterpillars are not injurious but little attention 
has been given to the life-history of the footman-moths, and the amateur 
has here an opportunity to add to our knowledge of insects in an order 
popularly supposed to be pretty well “worked out.” 
The moths themselves although few in number of species are well dis¬ 
tributed over the country, although the southwestern and Pacific states 
have really more than their share. Two common eastern species are 
the striped footman, Hypoprepia miniata , and the painted footman, 
H. juscosa , each expanding about 1 inch. The first is brick-scarlet, with 
two longitudinal broad plumbeous bars and the distal half of a third on 
the fore wing and a broad outer slaty border on the hind wings. The 
latter has almost the same pattern, but the ground color is distinctly yellowish 
red in place of scarlet or brown-red. Another common eastern Lithosiid 
