410 
The Moths and Butterflies 
is the pale footman, Crambidia pallida , expanding nearly i inch and 
drab all over; C. cephalica , found in Colorado and Arizona, expanding 
not quite an inch, has both wings and the whole body of a delicate shining 
silvery white. The banded footman, Cisthene (Ozonadia) unifascia, found 
all along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts, expands f inch and has the fore 
wings dark with a narrow curving yellow band and the hind wings with 
the base and disk pink or yellowish, the apex being dark. Lithosia (Lexis) 
bicolor , found in the northern states and Canada, expands nearly ij inches 
and is slate-colored, with yellow on the front margin of the fore wings, the 
tip of the abdomen, the prothorax, and the palpi. The several Rocky 
Mountain and desert species mostly have brick-red or drab or slaty ground 
color, some unmarked and some with dark border on the hind wings if 
red is the ground color, and smoky-whitish hind wings if body and fore 
wings are drab or slaty. 
Another family of moths expanding about an inch, and with a charac¬ 
teristic habitus due to the long narrow fore wings, the small size of the 
hind wings, and the contrasting colors of the wing-pattern, are the Zygaenidse, 
or Syntomidae, as the newer nomenclature names them. In the hind wing, 
veins subcosta and radius are fused, usually for the whole length. About 
twenty species of the family are found in this country, and because, as 
with the Lithosiidae, the larvae are not of much economic importance the 
life-history of but few of the species is known. The majority of the species, 
besides, live in the western and southwestern states, and like other 
mountain, plain, and desert insects are hardly known except in their flying 
stage. The larvae of some species feed on grasses, of others on lichens. 
One of the most striking species is Cosmosoma auge , found in the 
extreme south, which has both fore and hind wings clear of scales over 
the base and disk only, a border all around the veins, and a small black 
patch at the tip of the discal cell of the fore wing covered with black scales. 
The plump body is scarlet, with the end of the abdomen and a dorsal 
longitudinal band on it metallic blue-black. The wings expand i inch. 
Lycomoipha is a genus of small Zygaenids characterized by having the 
wings colored in two strongly contrasting shades, black and brick-red or 
black and reddish yellow. In L. pholus the basal two-fifths of each 
wing is yellow and all the rest black; in L. miniata the basal two- 
thirds is red, the rest black; in L. grotei all of the fore wing is red 
except a narrow black border on the outer margin, while the anterior 
half of the hind wings is red, the posterior half black. Ctenucha is a 
genus of larger species which have smoky-brown wings unmarked, as 
in C. virginica, a northeastern species, which has a yellow head 
and metallic bluish-black body, C. multijaria and C. ruberoscapus, 
Pacific coast species which have a coral-red head and shoulder-lappets 
