The Moths and Butterflies 
419 
red on the second and third thoracic segments, blue on the first thoracic and 
last abdominal, and yellow on the others; smaller blue lateral tubercles are 
present. It feeds on many kinds of orchard- and forest-trees, most small fruits, 
and some herbaceous plants. The winter is passed in the pupal stage 
enclosed in a great pod-shaped rusty-gray or brownish silken cocoon about 
3 inches long and 1 inch wide in the middle, composed of two layers, 
an outer strong “brown-paper” layer and an inner loose fibrous one. The 
pupae may be easily found on trees when the leaves are off and brought 
Fig. 602.—Cecropia-moth, Samia cecropia. (Photograph by author; natural size.) 
into the house. The moths will issue in early summer through an opening 
which is left by the larva in one end of the cocoon. S. Columbia of the north¬ 
eastern states and Canada is smaller than cecropia , the angulated discal 
wing-spots have hardly any reddish border and the transverse outer wing- 
border of white has no red outer margin as in cecropia , the abdomen is dark- 
red brown rather than red, and the basal half of the front wings is tinged 
with reddish brown. S. gloveri, found in the Rocky Mountains and west 
to Arizona, is like Columbia , but as large as cecropia. S. ceanothi of the 
Pacific coast has the ground color of the wings strongly reddish, the outer 
