The Moths and Butterflies 
449 
Iphidicles ajax (PL V, Fig. 2), which is distinguished from all other 
swallowtails by its black and greenish-white wings and its long tails; it 
appears in three forms, one, marcellus, emerging in early spring with tails 
f inch long and tipped with white; another, telamonides, appearing in 
late spring, a little larger, with tails f inch long and bordered with white 
on each side for half the length or more, and the third the typical ajax, still 
larger, appearing in late summer and autumn. Both of the first two forms 
may come from a single brood, some of the hibernating chrysalids producing 
butterflies earlier than others. It ' seems to depend wholly on the time of 
issuance and not at all on the character of the parent whether an individual 
shall be of the marcellus or of the telamonides form. The ajax individuals 
are those that are produced from eggs laid in the spring by either marcellus 
or telamonides individuals. Also some few chrysalids in every brood delay 
disclosing butterflies until the next spring. “ Marcellus and telamonides thus 
produce ajax the same season, or either marcellus or telamonides in the follow¬ 
ing spring; ajax produces itself the same season or one of the others in the 
spring; but neither marcellus nor telamonides is produced the same season 
by any of the forms” (Scudder). The larvae of this species are pea-green, 
naked, thickest in the thorax, with transverse markings consisting of black 
dots and lines and slender yellow stripes besides a yellow-edged, broad, vel¬ 
vety b’ack stripe on the thorax. They feed on papaw. 
Papilio turnus , the tiger swallowtail, or Turnus butterfly (PL V, Fig. 6), 
is another common species, with a striking “negro” form called glaucus. 
In glaucus the disk of the wing is wholly dusted over with black scales so 
that the bands can be hardly seen. It is found only in regions where there 
are two or more broods a year, and is represented by females alone. The 
tiger swallowtail ranges clear across the continent, and sometimes occurs 
in great numbers; Scudder says that on a cluster of lilacs 69 specimens were 
captured at one time by closing the two hands over them. The larvae, which 
feed on many plants but particularly like wild-cherry, are naked and leaf- 
green, with the front part of the body much enlarged and bearing a double 
stripe of yellow and black across the back, as well as a pair of yellow-black 
and turquoise eye-spots in front of this band and several rows of turquoise 
dots behind it. On the Pacific coast occur P. rutulus (Fig. 639) and P. 
eurymedon of the same general pattern of turnus, the first being black 
and yellow as turnus is, but the second being black and pale greenish or 
yellowish white. In the Rocky Mountains is found the splendid Daunus 
swallowtail, P. daunus, larger than Turnus and with two tails on the hind 
wings and a third tail-like lobe at the inner angle. The larva of rutulus 
feeds on alder and willow, of eurymedon on Rhamnus and other plants, 
and of daunus mostly on rosaceous plants. 
Of different pattern is the fine giant swallowtail, P. cresphontes (Pl. X, 
