5 ° 6 
Saw-flies, Gall-flies, Ichneumons, 
hornets, are the ones which build the large subspherical nests familiar to 
all outdoor observers and related to much boyish adventure. Inside the 
great globe are several horizontal combs of brood-cells in tiers, all enclosed 
by several layers of wasp-paper (Figs. 711 and 712). The large bald-faced 
hornet, V. maculata, is the best-known builder of the globe nests. The smaller 
Fig. 712.—Nest of yellow-jacket, Vespa sp., cut open to show combs within. 
(About one-third natural size.) 
yellow-jackets, V. germanica (PI. XII, Fig. 9) and V. cuneata, build in 
hollows in stumps or stone fences or underground. Such protected or under¬ 
ground nests are not as thoroughly and thickly enveloped in paper as are 
the exposed arboreal globe nests. The miniature queen-nests (Fig. 713) 
of the Vespae, with the single little brood-comb inside, may often be found 
by careful searching in spring. 
The long-bodied blackish social wasps of the genus Polistes (PI. XII, 
Fig. 2; also Fig. 714) build single exposed horizontal combs out of wasp-paper 
(chewed wood) which are attached to the under side of porch roofs, eaves, 
ceilings of outbuildings, etc., by a short central stem. The little comb 
made by the queen may contain but half a dozen cells, but after the workers 
hatch many other cells are added around the margin. But the nest and 
community never compare in size and numbers with the large commu¬ 
nities of Vespa. The hibernating queens of Polistes often seek hiding-- 
