59 8 
Color and Pattern and their Uses 
parts that still remain dull yellow. It is apparent that in Anosia plexippus , 
as in Callosamia promethea , the central areas of the wings are the first to 
exhibit the mature colors, and that the nervures and costal edges of the 
wings are the last to be suffused.” 
The development of the wing-patterns in the male and the female of the 
promethea moth, as worked out by Mayer, is shown by Fig. 785. 
Other butterflies and moths which have been thus followed through 
the pupal life show a similar possession of color-appearance. Tower has 
similarly followed the color-development in certain beetles. Tower’s figures 
illustrating the development in the large blackish-brown Prionid beetle, 
Fig. 786.—Diagrammatic series showing development of color-pattern in pupae and young 
adults of the giant wood-boring beetle, Ortho soma brunnea. The first three figures in 
the upper line, counting from the left, are pupae of successive ages, the rest of the 
figures adults of successive ages. (After Tower; natural size.) 
Orthosoma brunnea , are shown in Fig. 786. Tower finds that in all the 
insects so far studied the chemical colors of the body follow the general course 
illustrated by Orthosoma. The color begins to form on the head and anterior 
parts first and gradually spreads posteriorly. 
