602 
Color and Pattern and their Uses 
with faint rosy tinge, especially along the dorsi-meson, or are distinctly 
rosy all over, depending strictly upon the color-tone of the particular inflo¬ 
rescence serving as habitat for the larva (PI. XIII, Figs. 3,4, and 5). The 
correspondence in shade of color is strikingly exact: the utter invisibility, 
or rather indistinguishability, of the larvae is something that needs to be 
experienced as my artist, my students, and I have experienced it in the last 
few weeks, to be fairly realized. We have watched the larvae through their 
whole life, and all the time the safe position along the bud and the immobility 
are maintained. 
Special protective resemblance.—The figures of Kallima (PI. XIII, Fig. 1, 
also text Fig. 787) and of Phyllium (PL XIII, Fig. 2, also text Fig. 788), 
referred to in an early paragraph in this chapter, illustrate extreme and 
often-referred-to examples of a protective 
resemblance which may be called “special” 
in that the insect’s appearance simulates in 
more or less nearly exact way some par¬ 
ticular part of the habitual environment, this 
being, in the case of Kallima, a dead leaf, 
in the case of Phyllium a green leaf. The 
details of this simulation are extreme: in 
Kallima the projections or tails of the hind 
wings represent the leaf-stem, the long cen¬ 
tral midrib of the leaf is represented by a 
brown line continuously across both wings, 
the lateral leaf-veins corresponding on one 
side to the actual course of the wing-veins, 
but on the other being represented by brown 
lines running at right angles, nearly, to the 
wing-veins; in Phyllium the flattened and 
expanded head, thorax, legs, and abdomen 
Withthe br ° ad S reen wing-covers, leaf-veined 
green with scattered yellowish and spotted with yellow like a fungus- 
marks, the color and pattern a ^ ac k e d or insect-punctured leaf compose a 
make the insect almost indistin- false picture of great effectiveness. Are 
guishable when at rest among not t h ese details of deceit almost past 
green leaves. 
belief ? 
The slender grass-green larvae of many moths and butterflies are much 
like green grass-leaves; their slimness and, if Weismann’s interpretation 
be accepted, the few longitudinal whitish lines which serve as air-lines 
to divide the body into two or three (apparent) grass-blades, are special 
characters of importance. The inch-worms or larvae of Geometrid moths 
are familiar examples of special protective resemblance. Abundant as 
