BUDS AND TWIGS IN WINTER. 
79 
on freezing, due to the expulsion of air from the intercellular 
spaces. The contraction of buds is not marked. Buds thaw out 
in inverse ratio to the freezing, so that ice will not usually be 
found after the temperature has risen to 27° F. 
Regarding the function of bud scales it may be said that no 
evidence exists to show that scales are for the purpose of keep¬ 
ing out external moisture. Neither are they for the purpose of 
modifying temperature as is popularly believed. Experiments 
showed that in some cases at least, scaly buds may warm up even 
faster than would be the case if the scales were not present. Wool 
and hair in the bud are for the purpose of preventing rapid trans¬ 
piration from young shoots when they first emerge. For the same 
purpose, the scales in many trees grow out into a tube at verna¬ 
tion. But scales are mainly important to the bud in preventing 
drying out due to the escape of water by evaporation, and in 
preventing mechanical injury from contact with surrounding 
objects. 
THE WILD FLOWER PRESERVATION SOCIETY 
OF AMERICA. 
Announcement by the Secretary. 
A part of the income of the Stokes Fund for 1905 for the 
Preservation of Native Plants has been devoted to the printing 
and distribution of a poster which reads as follows: 
WILD FLOWER PRESERVATION 
SOCIETY OF AMERICA. 
NOTICE. 
The Gathering of Wild Flowers and 
Ferns and the Cutting or Injuring of Any 
Tree or Shrub, or the Starting of Fires 
on these Premises is strictly Forbidden 
Under Penalty of the Law. 
