134 
THE PLANT WORLD. 
the earlier studies of Dickson, the two cotyledons are separated 
by an internode. One of these remains very small, while the 
other develops into a large foliage leaf which lies prostrate. Be¬ 
yond the cotyledons the chief axis does not develop. What 
appears to be the chief axis is the stem of the inflorescence which 
arises from a bud in the axil of the larger cotyledon. F. E. L. 
ANNOUNCEMENT OF FIELD SYMPOSIUM. 
The second annual field symposium of botanists will be held 
during the week beginning July 3, 1905, at Ohio Pyle, a point 
on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad in Fayette County, south¬ 
western Pennsylvania, where arrangements have been made for 
the accommodation of the party. Information concerning details 
of the trip and the proposed program may be obtained from Mr. 
Joseph Crawford, 2824 Frankford Avenue, Philadelphia, rep¬ 
resenting the Philadelphia Botanical Club, from Dr. J. A. Shafer, 
New York Botanical Garden, Bronx Park, New York City, repre¬ 
senting the Torrey Botanical Club, or from Dr. J. N. Rose, U. S. 
National Museum, Washington, D. C., representing the Washing¬ 
ton Botanical Club. The pleasant and profitable experiences 
gained by those who attended the first of these meetings, held at 
McCall’s Ferry, Pennsylvania, in July, 1904, give reason to believe 
that there will be a large attendance at Ohio Pyle. A detailed 
report of the proceedings at McCall’s Ferry will be found in the 
February issue of the Plant World. 
REVIEWS. 
Species and Varieties: Their Origin by Mutation.* 
III. 
Monstrosities .—As examples of monstrosities are mentioned the twisted 
stems in the wild valerian (V. officinalis ) and the fuller’s teasels (Dipsacus 
fullonum ) and other plants. In the case of the wild teasel ( D. sylves- 
tris ) a rich race was secured through experimental cultures. Success 
depends, first, upon finding a rich race, second, upon treatment (good soil, 
* Species and Varieties: Their Origin by Mutation. Hugo de Vries, 
edited by D. T. MacDougal. Chicago: The Open Court Pub. Co. 1905* 
