248 
THE PLANT WORLD. 
some others have a juice which is at first white but turns yellow, 
or violet, etc., on exposure to the air. 
The chanterelle (Cantharellus cibarius ) is a yellow plant with 
narrow, blunt, forked gills, which occurs in woods. 
The honey agaric (Armillaria mellea) is a very common agaric 
growing usually in dense clusters from dead roots or about 
stumps in the latter part of August and in September and Oc¬ 
tober. The cap is often honey colored, there is a thick white veil, 
and the stems are pale grayish brown, the gills are attached to 
the stem and the spores are white. This is such a common one 
it might be used for study in the fall. Careful observations can 
be made of all parts of the plants, and one should search in the 
soil where the stems are attached to the roots, etc., for black 
cords to which the stems are attached and which grow over the 
surface of the dead roots, sometimes also growing underneath 
the bark of living roots and killing them. 
In July and August the “ Jack my Lantern ” mushroom is 
often found ( Clitocybe illudens) . It is large, grows in dense 
clusters, is yellowish, the gills growing down on the stem, and 
it is beautifully phosphorescent at night. 
POLYPORUS AND BRACKET FUNGI. 
These are plants in which the fruiting surface (that which 
bears the spores) is in the form of a honeycomb on the under¬ 
side of the cap. Some of the bracket fungi are gill bearers, but 
the most of them are polypores (polyporaceae) or tube fungi. 
Some polypores, however, grow on the ground, have a circular 
cap and a central stem. A large number of these, especially 
those which are fleshy and soon putrefy belong to- the genus 
Boletus. 
The edible boletus (Boletus edulis). —This is a very large plant 
occurring in woods or groves in July, August and September. 
If this cannot be found, almost any one of the genus will answer 
for the study. Note size and shape of the plant and its parts, the 
color of the different parts and markings of the surface; note the 
form and relation of the pores forming the honeycombed under 
surface. See if the layer of tubes will separate from the flesh of 
