INFLUENCE OF POLLINATION. 
28 
Lake Plant and Marsh Plant Formations. The lake plant 
and marsh plant formations are sparingly represented in the Cats¬ 
kills. One natural lake, or mountain tarn, was noted as the 
source of Stony Clove Creek, already partially encroached upon 
by vegetation producing a marsh. Several other lakes exist in 
the region and also marshes, but in the absence of a detailed 
study, these formations are merely mentioned to complete our 
classification of the principal plant formations in the Catskill 
mountains. One other formation probably exists, as displayed 
on the bluffs at Kaaterskill (1,600 feet) overlooking the Hudson 
Valley, namely that in which the pitch pine (Pinus rigida) is the 
principal tree. 
The original condition of the flora of the Catskills has been 
much disturbed by the removal of the marketable trees by lumber¬ 
men, and in the settlement of the country. The list of intro¬ 
duced plants is a large one, but by the process of exclusion due 
to long familiarity with the forests of eastern North America, the 
native plants of the Catskills and the constitution of the original 
plant formations have been determined without much difficulty. 
THE INFLUENCE OF POLLINATION UPON THE 
DEVELOPMENT OF THE HOP* 
The main question which Mr. Albert Howard considers in an 
article with this title is whether pollination is necessary for best 
results in hop raising. Incidentally it suggests some interesting 
biological questions. 
The hop vine is generally dioecious but occasionally mon¬ 
oecious in the Bramling variety. Male flowers occur in much 
branched cymose panicles. Each flower is about a quarter of an 
inch in diameter and consists of a five-leaved sepaloid perianth, 
opposite which are five stamens. The female flowers occur in 
strobiloid spikes. Each flower is very minute, consisting of a 
cup-shaped perianth, partly surrounding the superior ovary, 
which contains a single ovule, and is surmounted by two long 
* Howard, A. Jour. Agr. Sci. 1: 1. Jan., 1905. 
