250 BOTANY. 
column in a capsule to which the seeds are attached. 5. Spa¬ 
dix. — An elongated receptacle proceeding from a spathe, as In¬ 
dian turnip. 
Flowers are divided into —1. Simple. — Having a single 
flower on a receptacle, as in the quince, tulip, &c. 2. Aggre¬ 
gate. — Having on the same receptacle, several flowers, whose 
anthers are not united, as teasel, button-bush, &c. 3. Com¬ 
pound.— Having several florets on the same receptacle, with 
their anthers united, as sunflower, China-aster. 4. Staminate. 
Having stamens, as those in the tassels of Indian corn. Pistil¬ 
late. — Having pistils only, as the fertile flower of the cucum¬ 
ber. 6. Perfect. — Having both stamens and pistils. 7. Neu¬ 
tral. — Having neither stamens nor pistils. 
Inflorescence. — As to the manner in which flowers are situ¬ 
ated on plants, there are— 1. Whorl. -- In which the flowers 
grow around the stem in rings, one above another, as mother¬ 
wort and catnip. 2. Raceme. — Having the florqt on short ped¬ 
icels, arranged along a general peduncle, as currants. 3. Pan¬ 
icle . — Having some of the pedicels along the general peduncle 
of the raceme, divided, as oats. 4. Thyrsc. — A panicle con¬ 
tracted into a compact, somewhat ovate form, as in lilac. 
5. Spike. Having the florets sessile, or nearly so, on the elon¬ 
gated general receptacle, as wheat, mullein, &c. 6. Umbel. — 
Having the flower-stems diverging from one place like the bra¬ 
ces of an umbrella, bearing florets on their extremities, as car¬ 
rot, dill, fennel, &c. 7. Cyme. — It agrees with the umbel in 
having its general flower-stem spring from one centre, but dif¬ 
fers in having those stems irregularly subdivided, as elder, fee. 
8. Corymb. — The peduncles take their rise from different 
heights along the main stem; but, the lower ones being longer, 
they form nearly a level top, as yarrow. 9. Fascicle. — In 
general external appearance it resembles the umbel, but the 
footstalks are irregular in their origin and subdivisions, as the 
sweet-william. 10. Head. — The flowers are heaped together 
in a globular form, without peduncles, or with very short ones, 
as clover. 
The substance of roots and herbage consists of— 1. Cuticle. 
