INSECTS AND INSECTICIDES 
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4 
OYSTER-SHELL BARK-LOUSE. (Lepidosaphes ulmi.) 
Scales of the same color as the bark of the tree, about one- 
eighth of an inch long, curved and small at one end. Very easily 
overlooked. See Fig 8. 
_ Remedies the same as for the San Jose scale. 
Fig. 8.—Oyster-shell Bark-louse: a, female scale from below, showing eggs, 
greatly enlarged; b, the same from above; c, female scale on twig, natural 
size; a, male scale enlarged. [Howard, Yearbook, U. S. Dep. of Agr., J894.] 
ATTACKING THE ROOTS. 
WOOLLY APHIS. (Schizoneura lanigera.) 
This insect attacks the roots as well as the trunk and branches. 
It causes warty excrescences and often the destruction of the 
greater portion of the smaller roots. (Fig. 7). The description 
of the louse is the same as for the trunk form mentioned above. 
Remedies .—Remove the earth about the crown for a distance of 
about two feet, put in four to six pounds of tobacco dust (or double this 
amount of stems) and cover again; then irrigate. If tobacco can not be 
procured, use kerosene emulsion (14) or whale-oil soap (12) of the ordi¬ 
nary strengths in its place, pouring in a liberal quantity. 
INSECTSIATTACKING THE PEAR. 
Any of the insects mentioned above as attacking the apple 
may be found attacking the pear, except the woolly plant-louse, 
and the same remedies should be employed. 
