INSECTS AND INSECTICIDES 
25 
another year. If the surface of the ground is well turned under during 
the fall or early spring, many of the insects would be prevented from 
emerging. Thorough cultivation close to the plants throughout the sea¬ 
son would do much to keep this insect in check. 
Fig. 14.—Currant and Gooseberry Fruit-maggot: A, section through a goose¬ 
berry showing egg and puncture at e; B, two gooseberries on a stem 
showing egg puncture, or sting, at a. Original. Drawings by Miss M. A. 
Palmer. 
This is probably our worst currant and gooseberry pest in 
Colorado, and as it also attacks the wild currants and gooseberries 
it is likely always to be rather common in the mountainous 
districts. 
THE CURRANT AND GOOSEBERRY FRUIT WORM 
(Zophodia bella Hulst.) 
A flesh-colored worm, looking very much like the apple worm 
and about two-thirds of an inch in length when fully grown also 
attacks the gooseberries and currants in Colorado and often de¬ 
stroys a very large proportion of the fruit. Leaves and fruit are loose¬ 
ly webbed together by the worm which feeds upon the berries. 
It eats a hole large enough to enter and after devouring the 
whole interior of one berry it goes to another. The adult insect 
is a gray moth with rather long narrow wings. The insect and 
its injuries are shown in Fig. 15. 
Remedies .—Poisonous sprays would doubtless kill many of these 
worms but they would render the currants and gooseberries unsafe to 
be used as food. If one has a few bushes only for home use, the worms 
could be nearly all destroyed by pinching the web clusters of fruit be¬ 
tween the thumb and finger every day or two until no more appeared. 
Thorough cultivation would also destroy a large proportion of the chrys¬ 
alids that spend the winter near the surface of the ground about the 
bushes. 
