r 4 The Colorado Experiment Station. 
satisfactory method of pruning - which will hold the grapes off the 
giound and still allow of the vines being - easily covered. The gen¬ 
eral tendency seems to be to prune too short, and light crops of 
inferior bunches are the result. No varieties should be pruned 
shorter than four eyes, and the Muscat, Sweetwater, Sultana, Em¬ 
peror and Thompson. Seedless should be pruned to eight. 
Some system of training must be found which will hold the fruit 
oft the ground. More care should be given to watering. Three 
waterings, I believe, are enough. Dry soil conditions should pre¬ 
vail during the ripening period. 
As to varieties, the Flame Tokay and Cornichon seem best 
adapted to the Palisade region where early frosts do not strike. 
For the rest of this district, Muscat, Rose of Peru, Tinfadel and 
Chasselas Victoria must be used, blame Tokay may succeed on 
early soil where the soil conditions can be well controlled. Thomp¬ 
son Seedless, Sultana and Sweetwater do well, but do not sell. 
Grape mildew (Uncinula spiralis) has caused some loss in 
vineyards, and experiments have been started this fall to determine 
the best method of controlling it. One block was given a fall treat¬ 
ment of Bordeaux before covering, and other blocks will be sprayed 
the coming season and various fungicides tested. 
Expei iments wei e undertaken to show the value of sacking 
Vimfeia giapes to piotect them from rots and mildew and to im¬ 
prove their appearance. The cost of sacking was found to be 
about one-half cent pei pound for most varieties, while those pro¬ 
ducing larger bunches can no doubt be sacked at one-half this cost. 
The earlier varieties seemed to fare very well in sacks, unless they 
were subject to cracking, as some of the more tender skinned var¬ 
ieties aie. Bunches in sacks laying on the ground split and molded 
badly. Foi the late vaiieties sacking proved to be a failure as it 
retarded the coloring and ripening and seemed to give no protec¬ 
tion from frost. The stems were frozen the first frosty night and 
the bunches wilted and failed to ripen. The Muscat and Thomp¬ 
son s Seedless did veiy well sacked and their appearance was much 
improved. 
SETTING YOUNG TREES. 
I 1 actically all the systems of laying out orchards and plant¬ 
ing young trees are used in the fruit sections of western Colo¬ 
rado. The distance of setting varies from i6’xi6 ’ to 3o’x32’ for 
apples and from I 2 ’ xi 2 ’ to 2 o’x 2 o’ for peaches, but the experienced 
growers are giving the greater distance. 
The practice of setting Missouri Pippin, as fillers, in with the 
standard varieties of apples is quite common. In the peach districts 
peaches are often used for the same purpose. I hardly think the prac¬ 
tice is to be encouraged, as the average grower will not take them out 
