FIELD ENTOMOLOGIST. 5 
ideal condition for spraying. This time should be following the drop¬ 
ping of the petals but before the closing of the calyx. A period not 
to exceed from five to seven days for any one variety would cover 
the time when this first spray should be applied. Sprayed too early 
or before the petals are fallen, bees about the bloom are in danger 
of being destroyed, and, sprayed too late, the green sepals will have 
come together at their tips, closing the calyx cup against all possi¬ 
bility of being filled with the poison. 
The center blossoms are invariably the first to open their petals 
and first to drop them. They are first to close their calyces and most 
likely to set fruit which will remain without dropping from the tree. 
It is therefore evident that this first spraying should be done with 
these blossoms in mind. The first eggs do not appear for several 
weeks later. When the young larvae hatch from these eggs, the larger 
per cent of them enter at the calyx, and if the first spraying has left 
the calyx containing a liberal amount of poison, their first meal will, 
in all probability, be their last. Sixty per cent or more of the first 
generation larvae, according to this summer’s observations, entered 
at the calyx. For the remaining forty per cent or less entering at 
the side or stem end of the apple, a second spray must be applied 
early enough to coat the surface of the small apple with poison before 
the hatching larvae make their appearance, and this coating must be 
maintained upon the fruit until the first generation’s eggs have 
hatched. 
Other conditions being right, two sprayings with an adhesive 
arsenical will perform this end, and the first generation thus prac¬ 
tically destroyed. There being but two full generations of the insect 
through the season, if the first be destroyed there should be no second 
left with which to contend. 
As stated above, however, in common practice there will be cases 
where more than two sprays are necessary, and these additional ones 
should be directed against the second generation. 
Any one may determine the proper time to spray by observations, 
upon time of egg appearance, though in practice this is more or less 
difficult for the average orchardist. 
The date of appearance of the blossoms upon fruit trees is de¬ 
pendent upon meteorological conditions for the spring. These same 
conditions regulate the initial appearance of the adult moth, and as 
its times for transformation are fairly constant thereafter, it seems 
possible that a general rule may be made for common use, based 
upon the blooming of the fruit in spring. Such a general rule is 
herewith presented, thought to be dependable, at least in the general 
locality wherein it was determined, and if conclusions above stated are 
correct, the rule should apply for other points as well. Observations 
upon the time of appearance of the insect in any of its stages could 
be made to supplement the general rule. The efficiency of the first two 
sprays suggested will largely determine the necessity of the later 
sprays. The dates given are those applying to the blooming and 
spraying of Jonathans at Fruita this year, and should be considered 
