THE COLORADO EXPERIMENT STATION 
18 
on the sheet iron tightly and mount the tank upon brick sidewalls. 
A low brick chimney is constructed at the rear connecting with the 
fire box beneath the vat. Such a vat is large enough to prepare 200 
gallons of spray or more at once. There are many of these vats 
used about Grand Junction. 
Boiling lime-sulfur with steam is by far the best method. Portable 
steam cookers, such as are used for cooking stock food ,are suited 
admirably to the purpose. Some spray machinery manufacturers have 
boilers on the market well adapted for this work. With them the 
boiling may be done in wooden barrels. A steam pipe or coil from the 
boiler is directed into the mixture and the strong jet of steam auto¬ 
matically stirs the liquid while the boiling is progressing. 
Where large quantities are to be prepared, a steam 
boiling plant, such as the one shown in plate I, fig. I, 
will be needed. This plant is built upon most improved and modern 
ideas and is found indispensable for preparing lime-sulfur wash upon 
the 240-acre orchard of Mr. John Ashenfelter at Montrose. A large 
steam engine beneath supplies the steam, which is conducted in 
pipes into the boiling barrels, ten of which are arranged in a row 
upon an elevated platform. At one end of the building and at a 
higher level are the water storage tanks filled by gravity and supply¬ 
ing the water for boiling and dilution. The small building at the rear 
is built for a storage warehouse. The plant has a boiling capacity of 
400 gallons of spray and the boiling barrels are emptied by gravity 
directly into the spray tank. The photo shows one spray tank in 
process of being filled. 
The material may be applied by good strong hand pumps or 
larger spray outfits. A large number of gasoline power sprayers are 
in use for applying the mixture in the Grand Valley. Long spray 
poles and long lengths of hose are desirable. Nozzles of larger aper¬ 
tures than those used where a fine mist is desired are preferable. 
A well appointed equipment will greatly lessen the cost and incon¬ 
venience of lime-sulfur spraying against the Howard scale. This is 
important since lime-sulfur spraying has become an essential part in 
the routine of orchard work. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
Aspidiotus howardi Ckll., Can. Ent. XXVII, p. 16 (1895) 
Aspidiotus howardi Ckll., Bull. 19, N. Mex. Kxp. Sta., p. 106 (1896) 
Aspidiotus ( Diaspidiotus) howardi Ckll., Bull. 6, l 1 . S. Dept. Ag., p. 21 
(1897) 
Aspidiotus howardi Ckll., Gillette, Bull. 38, Colo. Exp. Sta. p. 37 (1897) 
Aspidiotus (Aspidiella) howardi Leon., Kiv. Pat. Veg., VI, p. 229 (1898) 
Aspidiotus howardi Berl. e Leon, Annali di agr., p. 107 (1898) 
Aspidiotus howardi Ckll., Forbes, 20th Rept. Ins. Ill., p. 16 (1898) 
Aspidiotus howardi Ckll., Newell, Contr. la. Ag. Coll., No. 3, p. 10 (1899) 
Aspidiotus (Aspidiella) howardi Leon., Gen. e Spec. Diaspiti, Asp. p. 55 
(1900) 
Aspidiotus howardi Ckll , Gillette, Rept. of Entomologist, Colo. Agr. 
Exp. Sta. p. 16, (1901) 
Aspidiotus howardi Ckll., Gillette, Rept* of Entomologist, Colo. Agr. 
Exp. Sta. p. 7 (1902) 
