Subkingdom SPERMATOPHYTA Seed-bearing Plants. 
Class 1. GYMNOSPERMAE. 
Order 7. PINALES. 
Carpellary scales with bracts, never peltate; ovules inverted; buds scaly; wing 
accompanying the seed a portion of the carpellary scale ; cones dry. 
Fam. 8. Pinaceae. 
Carpellary scales without bracts, in ours fleshy and peltate; ovules erect; buds 
naked; wings of the seed (if present) a portion of the testa; cones in ours 
berrylike. Fam. 9. Juniperaceae. 
Family 8 . PINACEAE Lindl. Pine Family. 
Leaves usually several together, surrounded by a sheath at the base: cones 
maturing the second year. 
Cone-scales with dorsal, (in ours) spine-armed appendages. 
Seeds with elongated wings, these free from the scales and attached to the 
seeds when these fall. 1. Pinus. 
Seeds with rudimentary wings, these adnate to the scales when the seeds 
fall. 2. Caryopitys. 
Cone-scales with inconspicuous terminal, unarmed appendages; wing of the 
seed rudimentary. 3. Apinus. 
Leaves solitary, without sheath; cones maturing the first year. 
Branchlets rough from the prominent, persistent leaf-bases (sterigmata) ; 
leaves in ours quadrangular in cross-section; cones pendulous with per¬ 
sistent scales. 4. Picea. 
Branchlets smooth, the leaf-scars scarcely raised; leaves flat. 
Cones pendulous; their scales persistent on the axis; leaves petioled, with 
transversely oval scars. 5. Pseudotsuga. 
Cones erect; their scales deciduous from the axis ; leaves sessile with cir¬ 
cular scars. 6. Abies. 
1. PINUS L. Pines. 
Leaves in fascicles of 4 or 5 ; spines of the cone-scales long and slender. 
1. P. aristata. 
Leaves in fascicles of 2 or 3 ; spines of the cone-scales short and stout. 
Cones 6-9 cm. long and 5-6 cm. in diameter; leaves 8-15 cm. long. 
2. P. scopulorum. 
Cones 3-5 cm. long and 3 cm. in diameter; leaves 3-6 cm. long. 
3. P. Murray an a. 
1. Pinus aristata Engelm. Foxtail Pine, Hickory Pine. Rocky and 
gravelly mountains from Colo, to Nev., southern Calif, and Ariz.—Alt. 8500- 
12,500 ft.—Mt. Garfield; Seven Lakes; Como; Veta Pass; Pike’s Peak; Mid¬ 
dle Park; Gray’s Peak. 
2. Pinus scopulorum (Engelm.) Lemmon. Bull Pine, Rocky Mountain 
Yellow Pine. Hills and mountains from Nebr. to Mont., Ariz. and N. M.— 
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