POACEAE. 
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Leaves 4 mm. or more wide, flat; culm from a rootstock or with stolons. 
Awns long, usually longer than the body of the flowering glumes; empty 
glumes narrowly lanceolate; branches of panicle reflexed or spreading. 
3. F. Jonesii. 
Awns, if any, very short; branches of the panicle ascending. 
Glumes narrowly lanceolate, acuminate and awn-pointed; spikelets 3-4- 
flowered. 4. F. fratercula. 
Glumes broadly lanceolate, abruptly acute; spikelets 5-9-flowered. 
5. F. elatior. 
Leaves (at least those of the sterile shoots) 2 mm. or less wide, strongly 
involute. 
Culm from a rootstock or with stolons; sterile shoots mostly extra-vaginal. 
Body of the flowering glume 5-6 mm. long; stem-leaves firm and often 
. flat; spikelets 4-10-flowered. 6. F. rubra. 
Body of the flowering glume 4 mm. long; leaves very narrow and soft; 
spikelets 2-3-flowered. 7. F. Earlei. 
Culm densely tufted, no rootstock; sterile shoots mostly intra-vaginal. 
Flowering glumes (without the awns) 3-4 mm. long, not twice as long as 
the first glume; plants 1-2 (rarely 3) dm. high; inflorescence spike¬ 
like. 
Flowering glumes lanceolate, long-acuminate and long-awned; panicle 
dense; leaves short and firm. 8. F. brachyphylla. 
Flowering glumes oblong-lanceolate, abruptly contracted into a short 
awn; panicle lax; leaves filiform and soft. 9. F. minutiilora. 
Flowering glumes (without the awns) 5-8 mm. long, more than twice as 
long as the first glume. 
Basal sheaths short; blades of stem-leaves rarely 8 cm. long. 
Awns short, less than half as long as the glumes; inflorescence 
usually dense and its branches very short. 
10. F. pseudovina. 
Awns long, nearly equalling to much exceeding the body of the 
glumes in length; inflorescence open and branches more slender. 
11. F. ingrata. 
Basal sheath long and loose; blades of stem-leaves usually over 1 dm. 
long; inflorescence narrow and awn short. 12. F. arizonica. 
Empty glumes thin, ovate-lanceolate, more or less scarious; second glume i-nerved 
or 3-nerved only at the base; culms densely tufted with numerous basal 
sheaths. 
Ligules long and acuminate; inflorescence open. 13. F. Thurberi. 
Ligules short and rounded; inflorescence narrow and spikelike. 
14. F. confinis. 
1. Festuca octoflora Walt. (F. tenella Willd.) In dry, sandy soil from 
Que. to B. C., Fla. and Calif.—Alt. 4000-9000 ft.—Denver; New Windsor, 
Weld Co.; Veta Pass; Walsenburg; Denver; Wray; Quimby; Horsetooth 
Gulch; Palisades. 
2. Festuca microstachys Nutt. In sandy soil from Ida. to B. C., Colo., 
Ariz. and Calif.—“ Western Colorado.” 
3. Festuca Jonesii Vasey. In woods from Mont, to B. C., Colo., Utah and 
Wash.—“ Western Colorado.” 
4. Festuca fratercula Rupr. On open hillsides, in canons and meadows 
from Colo, to Arizona and Mex.—Alt. 7500-9500 ft.—Near Pagosa Peak; 
canons and adjoining meadows, west of Ouray. 
5. Festuca elatior L. In field, among bushes and in waste places from 
N. Sc. to Wash., N. C. and Calif. Cultivated and naturalized from Europe. 
—Alt. up to 5000 ft.—Fort Collins; Durango. 
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