68 
CYPERACEAE. 
spreading, oval to elliptical, glabrous below, faintly nerved, the beak promi¬ 
nent, scabrous, bifid or bidentate; stigmata 3. 
Spikes androgynous, light-green. 65. C. Backii. 
Spikes staminate or pistillate on the same culm. 
Spikes green; perigynium inflated, orbicular, the beak very long, linear, with 
the orifice obliquely cut. 66. C. longirostris. 
Spikes shining, reddish-brown; perigynium elliptical, the beak entire. 
67. C. capillaris. 
24. Spiro stac hyae. 
Spikes several, rather short, dense-flowered, peduncled, but erect, remote, 
squarrose at maturity, the terminal staminate, the lateral pistillate; bracts 
foliaceous, sheathing; scales light-brown, acuminate; perigynia greenish, 
spreading, oval to elliptical, turgid, sessile, nerved, glabrous, the beak long, 
scabrous, bifid; stigmata 3. 
One species. 68. C. viridula. 
25. Echinostachyae. 
Spike one, androgynous, or several, the terminal staminate, the lateral 
pistillate, cylindrical, dense-flowered, peduncled, but erect, squarrose at ma¬ 
turity; bracts foliaceous, very long, sheathing; scales lanceolate, light-brown; 
perigynium greenish, more or less inflated, nerved, glabrous, the beak long, 
bidentate; stigmata 3. 
Spike one, androgynous; perigynium reflexed at maturity, narrowly lanceolate, 
orifice of beak oblique; rhacheola extended through orifice of the beak. 
69. C. microglochin. 
Spikes several, the terminal staminate, the lateral pistillate; perigynium ovate, 
much inflated, spreading at maturity, the beak bifurcate; rhacheola not ex¬ 
tended. 70. C. retrorsa. 
26. Physocarpae. 
Spike one, androgynous, or several, the terminal and, sometimes, the upper¬ 
most lateral staminate, the others pistillate, cylindrical, sessile or the lower¬ 
most peduncled, dark-colored; bracts foliaceous, sheathless; scales lanceo¬ 
late, acuminate, brownish or purple; perigynia shining, spreading, but not 
reflexed, membranaceous, globular to oblong-elliptical, inflated, sessile; 
nerved, the beak short, bidentate or merely emarginate; stigmata 2 or 3. 
Spike single, androgynous; perigynium elliptical, tapering into a bidentate beak. 
71. C. Engelmannii. 
Spikes several. 
Pistillate spikes cylindrical, often very long ; perigynium inflated, many-nerved, 
oblong-elliptical, tapering into a cylindrical, bifurcate beak ; stigmata 3. 
72. C. utriculata. 
Pistillate spikes short, blackish; perigynium slightly inflated, broadly ovate, 
nerveless, the beak short, emarginate; stigmata 2. 73. C. pulla. 
27. Rhynchophorae. 
Spikes several, cylindrical, very robust and dense-flowered, sessile or nearly 
so, mostly erect, contiguous, the terminal and, sometimes, the uppermost 
lateral staminate, the others pistillate; bracts foliaceous and very long, sheath- 
