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CARDUACEAE. 
Bracts of the involucre herbaceous or partly colored, not striate. 
5. Laciniaria. 
Bracts of the involucres not herbaceous, striate-nerved. 
Pappus-bristles plumose; anthers distinct; bracts few. 
3. Kuhnia. 
Pappus-bristles scabrous or barbellate; anther united; bracts usually many. 
4. COLEOSANTHUS. 
Tribe 3. ASTEREAE. 
A. Plants not dioecious. 
I. Marginal pistillate flowers, if present, ligulate. 
a. Ray-flowers yellow or none. 
1. Pappus consisting of scales or awns or lacking, never of numerous 
capillary bristles. 
Heads small, not over 4 mm. high, few-flowered; pappus more or less 
paleaceous. 6. Gutierrezia. 
Heads large, many-flowered; involucre in all except one species viscid; 
pappus of a few deciduous awns. 7. Grindelia. 
2. Pappus at least in part of numerous capillary bristles. 
a. Pappus double, the inner of capillary bristles; the outer of scales or 
short bristles; involucres many-flowered, hemispherical with narrow 
imbricated bracts. 8. Chrysopsis. 
b. Pappus wholly of capillary bristles. 
* Heads discoid. 
Involucres narrowly turbinate; its bracts more or less chartaceous, 
keeled, arranged in definite (usually 5) vertical ranks; achenes 
elongated-linear; stigma-tips subulate-filiform. 
9. Chrysothamnus. 
Involucres broadly turbinate to hemispherical; its bracts more or 
less imbricated, but not in definite vertical ranks; achenes 
scarcely elongated-linear. 
Stigma-tips obtuse; involucral bracts narrow, poorly imbricated. 
(Rayless species of) 31. Erigeron. 
Stigma-tips acute ; bracts either broad or well imbricated or both. 
Achenes truncate at the top, gradually tapering towards the 
base, usually cinereous-pubescent; bracts neither broad nor 
abruptly acuminate. 
Appendages or tips of the styles filiform; undershrubs with 
white-tomentulose stems and glandular-hairy foliage; leaves 
entire-margined. 15. Macronema. 
Appendages or tips of the stigmas subulate to ovate. 
Leaves with spinulose-tipped teeth; corolla-tube slender. 
(Rayless species of) 11. Sideranthus. 
Leaves not spinulose, in ours entire-margined; corolla- 
tube dilated above. 10. Isocoma. 
Achenes elongated, obovoid, i. e., tapering at both ends, but 
more so below, multi-striate, glabrous or slightly hairy; 
bracts of the involucres broad and abruptly acuminate; ap¬ 
pendages of the stigmas ovate to short-subulate. 
13. Oonopsis. 
* Heads radiate. 
Leaves pinnately cleft or toothed; lobes or teeth spinulose-tipped. 
Pappus of the fertile achenes deciduous in a ring; annuals, 
equally leafy throughout; bracts more or less foliaceous. 
14. Prionopsis. 
Pappus persistent. 
Bracts chartaceous, not foliaceous, merely with green tips; 
plants annual or perennial with a caudex, equally leafy 
throughout; pappus in age more or less spreading; achenes 
turbinate and densely silky. 11. Sideranthus. 
Bracts more or less foliaceous, at least above; plants perennial 
with taproots, large basal leaves and few and rather small 
