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CARDUACEAE. 
Plants less than i dm. high, glabrous up to the villous inflorescence. 
IV. Andini. 
Plants 2-6 dm. high; pubescence of the stem and leaves hirsute or 
strigose, usually scant. V. Grisei. 
Bracts bristle-pointed. VI. Multiflori. 
Bracts glabrous, except the ciliate margins. 
Bracts linear, oblong or lanceolate, all acute or acutish. 
Lower leaves long-petioled; blades cordate or ovate (rarely broadly 
lanceolate), usually more or less serrate. VII. Sagittifolii. 
Lower leaves oblanceolate, linear, or lanceolate. 
Plants perfectly glabrous throughout. 
Bracts whitish-coriaceous below and with a distinctly rhombic 
green tip above; upper leaves auriculate-clasping. 
VIII. Laeves. 
Bracts linear-subulate, green throughout; leaves narrowly linear, 
not clasping. IX. Porteriani. 
Upper part of the stem and peduncles with at least pubescent lines. 
Heads usually numerous in a leafy panicle or compound corymb. 
Stem only with pubescent lines. 
Bracts narrowly oblanceolate with rhombic tips; leaves thickish, 
the lower often triple-nerved. X. Subracemosi. 
Bracts linear to subulate with narrow linear-oblanceolate green 
backs or the outer wholly green; leaves thin, never triple- 
nerved. XI. Salicifolii. 
Stem at least above pubescent on all sides. XII. Lonchophylli. 
Heads few in a naked small corymb. XIII. Occidentales. 
Bracts oblanceolate, the outer obtuse. XIV. Adscendentes. 
Outer bracts foliaceous, equalling or surpassing the inner. 
Heads rather numerous in an open leafy panicle. XV. Fulcrati. 
Heads few, in a usually simple, racemose or corymbose inflorescence with 
nearly erect branches. XVI. Foliacei. 
I. Campestres. 
1. A. Novae-Angliae. 
2. A. campestris. 
Leaves oblong to linear-lanceolate. 
Leaves linear. 
II. Oblongifolii. 
Leaves oblong or lanceolate. 
Leaves scabrous-hirsutulous, mostly spreading or reflexed. 
3. A. Kumleinii. 
Leaves glabrous, except the bristly-ciliate margins, ascending. 
4. A. Fendleri. 
Leaves linear or the lower ones oblanceolate. 5. A. paucidorus. 
One species. 
One species. 
III. Alpini. 
IV. Andini. 
V. Grisei. 
6. A. alpinus. 
7. A. andinus. 
Leaves rather copiously and permanently appressed-hirsutulous. 
Plant 3-4 dm. high ; stem retrorse-hirsute below. 8. A. griseus. 
Plant 1-1.5 dm. high; hairs of the stem not retrorse. 9. A. griseolus. 
Leaves sparingly strigose and glabrate in age, or perfectly glabrous, except the 
hispidulous-ciliate margins. 
Bracts with green tips and mid-veins. 
Stem stout; leaves oblanceolate. 10. A. Underwoodii. 
Stem slender; leaves narrowly linear-oblanceolate or linear. 
Leaves firm; bracts with thick tips. 11. A. vallicola. 
Leaves and bracts thin. 12. A. Nelsonii. 
Outer bracts green almost throughout. 13. A. violaceus. 
