Insects and Insectjcides. 
11 
BUFFALO TREE-HOPPERS. (CereSCL Sp.) 
Three-cornered, greenish to brownish insects, about a third of 
an inch in length. They jump when disturbed and puncture twigs 
of trees and stems of plants for the deposition of their eggs. From 
these punctures oval scars result. See Plate III., Fig. 3. 
Remedies— Infested twigs may be pruned away and burned. Probably 
clean culture is the best remedy. Keep down all weeds and unnecessary vegeta¬ 
tion in and about the orchard. 
san jose scale. ( Aspidiotus perniciosus.) ’ 
This insect is very easily overlooked and may be present in 
sufficient numbers to kill trees before its presence is discovered by 
the orchardist. The}^ may infest trunk, twig, fruit, or foliage. The 
scale is nearly circular, about one-sixteenth of an inch in diameter, 
dark gray in color with a rust-red spot at the center. Anyone find¬ 
ing such scales upon any tree should send examples at once to the 
Experiment Station for examination, as there are several species 
closely resembling each other in outward appearance. As yet this 
scale is unknown in Colorado orchards. See Plate I., Fig. 6, which 
shows a closely related species on pear. 
Remedies .—Spray with lime, sulfur, and salt mixture (21) while the trees 
are dormant. Or, spray with whale-oil soap (12) in the proportion of two pounds 
to a gallon of water, or with crude petroleum (16) during winter. If trees are 
very badly infested, it will often be best to cut and burn them. 
putnam’s scale. ( Aspidiotus ancylus.) 
Very closely resembling the preceding species. Remedies 
the same. 
SCURVY BARK-LOUSE. 
(Chionaspis furfurus.) 
Small white scales resem¬ 
bling scurf or dandruff on the 
trunk or branches. There are 
two sizes, the females are larger 
and oval, and the males are 
very small and slender. See 
Fig. 6. 
Remedies same as for the 
San Jose scale. 
oyster-shell bark-louse. ( Mytilaspis pomorum.) 
Scales of the same color as the bark of the tree, about one- 
Fig. 6.—Scurvy Bark-louse: a, twig showing 
scales of semale louse; 6, twig showing scales 
of male louse; r, scale of female greatly en¬ 
larged; d. scale of male greatly enlarged. 
[Howard, Yearbook, U. S. Dep. of Agr., 1894.] 
