14 
Bulletin 71. 
Remedies .—Spray the trees while dor¬ 
mant with kerosene emulsion (14), treble 
strength: whale-oil soap (12), one pound to two 
gallons of water; or with lime, salt and sulfur 
mixture. Gather and burn as many of the 
fallen leaves as possible. 
Howard’s scale. (Aspidiotus howardi.) 
Was found attacking pears badly 
in an orchard near Delta, Colo., last 
summer. This is a close relative of 
the pernicious, or San Jose scale, but, 
so far, has been known only upon plum 
and pear. Pears, or any fruit affected 
with scales, should be reported prompt¬ 
ly to the Experiment Station. See 
Plate I., Fig. 6. 
Remedies .—The same as for San Jose 
scale mentioned under apple insects. 
INSECTS INJURIOUS TO THE PLUM. 
ATTACKING THE FRUIT. 
plum gouger. (Coccotorus prunicida.) 
A small but rather robust snout-beetle about a quarter of an 
inch in length; color a leaden gray with head and thorax och- 
erous yellow; wing covers smooth without prominent humps 
on them. The beetle eats pin-holes in the growing plums in 
which it lays its eggs. The larva or grub eats into the pit and 
flesh on the kernel and later eats a hole out through both pit and 
flesh of plum just before the plum matures (Fig. 10). Attacks the 
red, or Americana varieties only. Only insect in Colorado injuring 
the fruit of the plum to any extent. 
Remedies. — Jar the trees early every morning, or in the evening, from 
the time the blossoms are out till very few beetles can be obtained, catching 
them on a sheet spread beneath. It only takes a very few beetles to do a 
great amount of harm, as I have found by actual count that a single female 
may lay as many as 450 eggs.* Gathering and destroying all stung plums during 
the early part of July would nearly exterminate this insect. Spraying with an 
arsenical poison (4, 3, 6, 7, 5, 8) once, a few days before the trees blossom, and 
once or twice after, will give considerable protection. Use the poisons in two- 
thirds ordinary, or standard strengths. Arsenate of lead (5) is probably the safest 
to use on the foliage of the plum. 
plum curculio. (Conotrachelus nenuphar.) 
This beetle is often confused with the preceding. As yet it has 
not been reported in Colorado. It is liable any year to appear in 
*Insect Life, III., p. 227. 
