8 
BULLETIN 73. 
cattle during the past winter using beet pulp, alfalfa hay, 
sorghum, cotton seed meal, corn and bran. He has kindly 
offered to furnish the Station with his results, and as the 
feeding was done on so large a scale the data obtained will 
be very valuable. Mr. Rhodes, of Las Animas, fed 2,200 
lambs on pulp, and speaks very highly of the pulp. There 
was practically no loss of lambs, they made large gains, and 
he states that the saving of hay while they were receiving 
the pulp was very marked. Several feeders at Loveland, 
Colorado, who fed pulp last season will feed on a larger scale 
the coming winter. Mark Austin, the Agricultural Super¬ 
intendent for the Loveland Sugar Factory, profitably fed 
lambs and cattle, and Wm. Davis, a farmer north of Love¬ 
land, tells us that his cattle did exceeding well on the pulp 
ration. 
USE OF PULP. 
It should be stated that the attempts to compute the cash 
value of pulp compared with other foods do not indicate its 
total value. It supplies a succulent food at a time when such 
food is either not available or is scarce, and its effect on stock 
seems to be much more favorable than either its chemical 
analysis or the return in increased meat or milk would indi¬ 
cate. To its actual nutritive effect as a food should be ad¬ 
ded its general effect on the quality of meat and milk and 
on the animal system. Pulp undoubtedly overcomes much 
injurious effects of dry and concentrated foods, puts the sys¬ 
tem in good sanitary condition, keeps off disease, and so aids 
the appetite and digestion and assimilation of food that there 
is less waste, both of food which is generally discarded in eat¬ 
ing, and that which usually passes through the animal un¬ 
digested. 
There seems to be no difficulty in regard to keeping beet 
pulp. While there is some loss of material when placed in 
open piles, the fermentation which takes place seems to be bene¬ 
ficial rather than otherwise. Animals eat the sour pulp as 
well, and after a little time even better than they do the pulp 
fresh from the factory, and the dry beet chips on the surface 
of the piles are very palatable to sheep and cattle. Nebraska 
feeders claim that pulp which has been left in open piles for 
two or three years is as good as ever. 
No injurious effects have been observed from feeding 
pulp, unless coo large amounts are given before the animals 
become accustomed to it. The Michigan Station warns feed¬ 
ers against too liberal use of pulp from frozen beets. Freez¬ 
ing does not seem to injure the pulp itself, except that it 
