feeding steers beet puup, aefaefa and grains. 13 
SUGGESTIONS TO FEEDERS. . 
In feeding pulp, absolute cleanliness should be observed. The 
pulp should be fed in troughs or “bunks” provided for the pur¬ 
pose. Only such an amount of pulp should be fed at one time as 
the cattle will clean up with reasonable waste, and the bunks 
should be cleaned out daily. Unless this be done, the bunks will 
gradually become filled with frozen pulp in cold weather, and 
with foul and decaying pulp during warm weather. 
Pulp which has been “nosed” about and breathed upon for 
some time will usually be refused by the cattle. To avoid the 
possibility of waste on this account, and to insure profitable gains, 
feed often and in small quantities. It is folly to place a large 
quantity of pulp into the feed troughs with the intention of hav¬ 
ing a single feed last the greater part of a day. The inevitable 
result of such a course is to throw some of the cattle off their feed 
causing an unreasonable and unwarranted waste of pulp. 
Pulp should never be fed late in the afternoon during cold 
weather. The cattle generally refuse to eat after nightfall and 
whatever remains in the bunks freezes before morning and occa¬ 
sions no little difficulty in removing it before the fresh pulp is 
placed before the cattle. 
Pulp has a laxative tendency. On this account it is well to 
feed good alfalfa hay of the first cutting with the pulp where it is 
convenient to do so. The later cuttings of hay are more apt to 
encourage scouring and bloat, although where care and judgment 
are exercised this condition can be largely avoided regardless of 
which cutting of hay is used. 
The feed racks for hay and bunks for pulp should be near 
together so that the steers will have to travel but a few steps in 
passing from one feed to another. 
Cattle seem to be particularly fond of well-cured pulp from 
the silo, preferring this to fresh pulp. I11 order to secure the 
pulp in its best form, it is desirable to have it placed in the silo 
fresh from the factory and later transferred direct from the silo to 
the feeding troughs. After fermentation has once begun, exposure 
to the air in handling causes the pulp to deteriorate rapidly in 
quality. Cattle relish it less after a continual exposure to the air 
and reject a larger per cent than they would in the case of pulp 
direct from the silo. 
On account of the uniform mildness of the weather durino* 
the experiment, there was no noticeable variation in the amount of 
pulp eaten, or resulting gains, that could in any case be attributed 
to climatic conditions. It is very probable, however, that during 
a period of severe cold weather, pulp would prove a rather un¬ 
satisfactory feed, since it is not in any sense a heat o-eneratino- 
food. 
