24 
THE COTTAGE GARDENER. 
its various stages, always performing the operation when 
the weather is dry. 
Cabbage and Cauliflower. —Take care that plenty of 
plants are duly pricked out a few inches apart. 
Cucumbers and Melons. —Keep up a kindly heat 
about the cucumbers. If the top heat is kept to about 
70° to 72° it is sufficient, now that the days are drawing 
in so fast, and the plants have consequently so much less 
[October 10. 
light. Late melons require also a kindly heat to be kept 
up without much humidity. Where linings are used 
they should be kept well topped-up, in order to secure 
top heat in the interior of the pit or frame. 
Radishes.— Continue to sow in succession a few short 
top radishes on a little heat and close to the glass, and 
attend well to surface stirring amongst all kinds of pro¬ 
gressing crops in favourable weather. James Barnes. 
MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION. 
SCALES OF EXPENDITURE. 
By the Authoress of 
Estimate 3. 
Income, 4s. 0d. per day; 27s. per week; £'70 per annum. 
PROVISIONS WEEKLY. £ S. D. 
Bread and flour for five persons, 24 lbs., at Ifd.. 0 3 C 
Butter, lib., at Is. 0 1 0 
Cheese, ■§ lb., at 6d. 0 0 3 
Milk. 0 1 0 
Tea, i lb. at 3s. 6d. 0 0 lOf 
Sugar, 2 lbs., at 4d. 0 0 8 
Grocery—including rice, &c., and table condi¬ 
ments . 0 0 7 
j Meat or fish, &c., say G lbs. at 0^-d. 0 2 0 
| Table beer—3d. per day . 0 1 0 
Coals—1-j- bushel per week, on an average, all the 
year round, at Is. 4d., Is. 8d.; and wood, 3d... 0 '1 11 
Candles—§ lb at 5§. 0 0 2f 
Soap, starch, blue, &e., for washing. 0 0 3J 
Sundries, for cleaning, scorning, &c. 0 0 1§ 
Total for household expenses 0 10 1J 
Clothes and haberdashery. 0 4 G 
Rent. 0 2 9 
Extras. 0 0 G 
Total expense. 1 3 10£ 
Saving (more than l-12th) 0 3 1J 
Amount of income. 1 7 0 
In this estimate also, I have saved 10Jd., by the reduction of 
price in tea, cheese, sugar, and candles, upon the original 
I calculation, as, also, in the quantity of butter, as I have done 
in the last estimate. Cheese, quite good enough for persons 
if with more than £‘70 per annum, may be bought at Gd. per 
I pound; and it should be eaten in moderation even then. To 
give 7d. and 8d. for cheese is extravagant, when wo are 
struggling for life, and the husband only should indulge in it, 
whose bodily exertions need supporting food. When cheese 
is cut away nearly to the rind, it is made to go to the utmost 
by grating it; and I know, also, that the most superior 
cheese of the commonest quality and flavour is much set off 
by being grated and sent up nicely to table, that it passes for 
well-flavoured good cheese. This I know from our own ex¬ 
perience ; and a little grated cheese goes a good way; this is 
another recommendation too. 
Candles may be had in London at 5^d. per pound. In 
almost every town they are not higher than 0d., which would 
add one farthing per week to the calculation I have made. 
I have made no allowance for mould candles, because when 
our eyes are young and strong, dips are quite good enough 
to work and read by, when means are smaU. For some 
months in the year candles need not be used at all, or only 
for an hour at night, if late sitting up is necessary —but if it 
can possibly be avoided, it ought not to be indulged in, as it 
is both wasteful and bad for the health. Store candles or 
dips, eight to the pound, are the best size for parlour use; 
but in the kitchen, tens, and even twelve to the pound are 
quite large enough. Careless servants will burn away an 
* Next week our correspondent will begin n series of papers entitled 
“Our Villagers.” 
1 My Flowers," d'c.* 
“ eight” as quickly as they do a “ ten.” Candles are flared 
away very fast by being carried rapidly about the house, and 
this may be prevented to a great degree by a little manage¬ 
ment. Servants will generally go by candle light to put the 
sleeping-rooms in order for the night; but it is just as easy 
to do this by daylight, at an earlier hour, and should always 
be insisted upon. In a morning too, candles will be burnt 
long after it is light enough to extinguish them, unless the 
servants are careful, or a strict watch is maintained over these 
little mailers. 
Candles are frequently whisked out of doors at night when 
any thing is wanted from the yard or out-door offices. Coals, 
wood, and every thing that is likely to be required after 
night has closed in, should be brought into the house before¬ 
hand, or else a small horn lantern should be at hand for use, 
which will protect the candle from flaring away, and 
probably the house from destruction. Servants would find 
it much more convenient to have every thing within reach at 
night, than to have to go out of doors in hot, and cold, and 
rain, to fetch them. 
Children and young people should always be trained to go 
about the house at night in the dark; waste and danger, 
too, are incurred by sparks flying, and the rapid consumption 
of tallow. If every thing is kept in its proper place in our 
rooms, and drawers, and closets, wo shall be able to find 
almost all we want, as well in the dark as in the light. I 
was always accustomed to this habit as a child, and I can 
therefore confidently recommend it. Young people may thus 
become so expert in moving about- in the dark, that they will 
not need a candle even when retiring for the night, without 
in the least neglecting those strict habits of cleanliness and 
neatness in which they should be rigidly brought up. This 
is a great advantage too ; w'hatcver makes us independent or 
useful, can be left off with ease, but cannot in maturer years 
be so pleasantly acquired; and it is surprizingly convenient 
to be able, when necessary, not only to do things, but to do 
without them. 
As a satisfaction to some of my readers who may be 
doubting as to the possiblity of practising economy, so as to 
live upon £'70 per annum, I will extract a passage from the 
valuable estimates in the work from which I have hitherto 
quoted:— 
“ To II. H. of the Isle of Wight, we are much indebted; 
his whole letter is highly satisfactory, as it corroborates and 
illustrates our system, and affords much practical information. 
Such a document speaks whole volumes, and we regret that 
we are not at liberty to insert it. This gentleman is an 
officer on half-pay, which is 4s. per diem, and produces him 
exactly £70 per annum, exclusive of agency, &c. His family 
consists of himself, his wife, two children, and a maid servant. 
The account was kept for six months, when the youngest 
child was from twelve to eighteen months old, and the other, a 
girl about five years of age, who is half her time at school as a 
weekly border; these children, and the servant, who is an 
adult, he considers as equivalent in his computation to three 
children. When his memorandums were made he had not 
seen these estimates, but kept the account merely to know 
that they lived within their income. In some of the items 
we vary a little, but upon the whole he expends between 4d. 
and 0d. a week more than our estimate states. In one part 
of his letter, this gentleman writes thus : —‘ I consider the 
