November 
THE COTTAGE GARDENER. 
89 
The observations upon this estimate are very useful:— 
“ This is another practical illustration of the correctness of 
our data, as it shows how the artificers and others of the 
metropolis whose income is 5s. Cd. per day, might and ought 
to live so as to enjoy the greatest portion of comfort that 
can be derived from that income. This we consider as a 
very useful estimate, as it is applicable to the condition of a 
great number of individuals of the most valuable and in¬ 
dustrious class of the community. Of two or three accounts 
given us last year, by persons of this description, but one of 
them was a regular weekly account, the others affording only 
averages, or varying in their weekly amount according as the 
respective incomes per week had been regular or not; 
neither of the parties having been provident enough to make 
any reserve as a provision for loss of time, or any other 
contingency, hut haring lived, as is the common phrase, 
“ from hand to mouth.” This is a radical evil, the con¬ 
sequences of which will be continually felt by all who act 
thus. But if, on the contrary, out of such an income one- 
twelfth, or one penny in a shilling, cannot be saved as we 
recommend, would they save one halfpenny only, or, at all 
events, make a point of saving some given sum, the good 
effects thereof would, ere long, become obvious and salutary. 
It is evident that though the wages of an assistant or 
journeyman tradesman be nominally 5s. 6d. a day, or 33s. a 
week, yet he must, from a variety of causes, lose some time; 
and therefore we recommend that, if he reckon on an average 
loss of half a clay in a week (2s. 9d.), he will regulate his 
expenditure by the fourth estimate, or 30s. per week income; 
and if he lose a day or nearly a day in a week, on an average, 
he should live according to the third estimate, and so on. 
The man who values his present happiness, or looks forward 
to a better condition in life, will follow this advice. A clerk 
or other person with such a family, haring an income of 
eighty guineas a year, by acquiring a habit of bring regu¬ 
larly might live comfortably.” 
These are valuable remarks, and are appbcable in their 
general tenor to all classes of persons; but as many of our 
readers are of the particular class to which they refer, I 
trust that they will feel an especial interest in them, and 
derive benefit from their consideration. 
Each child is calculated to cost one-twelfth of the income, 
if the number of children therefore exceed three, a reduc¬ 
tion in the scale must necessarily take place. For instance : 
with four children, the possessor of .£86 per annum, instead 
of living according to the present estimate, must live accord¬ 
ing to the fourth; if he possess five children, then he must 
adopt the third, and so on. By very strict attention to these 
rules, a great deal of expense and misery may be avoided; and 
if, in the providence of God, a reverse of circumstances takes 
place, there will be no debts to pay off, or to hang heavily 
and destructively upon the future efforts and earnings of the 
father. Nothing cripples and distracts a man bke debt. If 
he is ever so poor, ever so pinched in his way of living, if he 
can only keep out of debt, he may be called rich, and will 
certainly be happy. But if debt accumulates ever so slowly, 
if he has to pay back instead of paying forward, however 
he may regard his own personal comforts, and look web in 
the eyes of his neighbours and friends, there is a worm at 
the root of his peace that will quietly nibble on till the 
leaves wither and die. The countenance will soon and 
surely tell the tale: there will be the anxious eye, the 
deeply lined cheek, the contracted brow; there wib be the 
thoughtful silence, the broken rest, the failing health, and, 
but for the grace of God, the last wretched resources of a 
desponding mind. 
If the husband and wife would only pull together in the 
right course, what immense efforts might be made, and what 
extraordinary things could be effected! If men would but 
forego their personal pleasures for the sake of their famibes, 
what a marked improvement would take place in their 
worldly circumstances, and how much happier they would be 
after an evening spent peacefully with them wives and chil¬ 
dren, than when they return home late from the mischievous, 
expensive, demorabzing atmosphere of the theatre and the 
tavern ! How much valuable money,— nay, I wib put it in 
better language—how much “ children's bread" is, in an 
earthly sense, “given to the dogs,” in these and similar ways. 
If every father could resolutely put into a bag every shilhng he 
felt tempted to spend upon ardent spirits, boon companions, 
and evening entertainments, so called, as refreshments after 
the business of the day, he would be astounded at the sum 
that would in a few years be ready to educate, or otherwise 
further his children’s prospects hi life, besides himself pos¬ 
sessing sounder health, steadier spirits, more prosperous cir¬ 
cumstances, and a happier heart. 
Husbands and fathers are little aware of the pounds that 
are consumed in the pence and shilhngs of which they take 
so bttle account, neither do they reckon up the tears that are 
shed in their own homes during their evening amusements; 
but there is a “ bottle ” into which those tears are put, and 
a “book” in which all things are noted down. Happy and 
many, I trust, are those husbands and fathers who wib not 
be ashamed when that bottle and book are opened! 
Economy may be as efficiently promoted by a self-denying 
father as by the most active, devoted, untiring mother. 
When both are engaged in the work, what an amount of 
good is effected, and what peace encircles the happy home! 
NOTES ABOUT BEES. 
Indisposition alone gives me the opportunity of saying a 
few words on bee management; and I am more induced to 
do so, after reading the observations of “ An Old Bee- 
master.” I have tried his proposed plan of keeping bees in 
the shade, and find it answer decidedly. I have to-day 
removed mine into the shade of hedge and house, and 
where I have had them before; the amount of honey in the 
hive, in my opinion, is of much less importance than a 
proper situation, where they wib be surrounded with a suffi¬ 
cient circulation of air to prevent them becoming damp; and 
in the shade they are not induced to leave the hive; numbers, 
standing in a sunny situation, do so—they eat, leave the 
hive, drop in the shade, become paralyzed, and die. In the 
shade one pound of honey will last as long as ten in the sun. 
I will now answer P. V. M. F., who is doubtful as to 
whether bees collect honey-dew. Undoubtedly they do ! I 
web remember the first time I observed this, twenty-five or 
six years since, at Wbdboarclough, near Macclesfield. I had 
a hive, the first, I picked up on the 14th of July in a pasture- 
field ; it swarmed on the 25th of July of the summer follow¬ 
ing ; a honey-dew fell at the time, and my swarm fihed the 
hive in three weeks, there was so much in that locality ; it fell 
in drops from the leaves of the Hornbeam—a tree much 
like the beech, but not so smooth in the leaf; but this is 
only one solitary instance. I have seen it frequently. 
I have one thing further to say, that is, as to driving, or 
transferring. This is best performed in the middle of the 
day, without any thing like fumigation. All that is required 
is, first, patience ; next, what your correspondents have 
never hinted at, a stout pair of leather gloves—of the fashion 
brought from Russia in 1813, 1814, covered with fur— 
on which the bees cannot be hurt by leaving then- stings. 
A similar cap, with a brim of pasteboard, in the shape 
of that of a Friend’s hat; a net bag open at both ends 
alike, and drawn with tape at both ends, to be drawn 
close over the brim of the hat or cap at one end, and at 
the other under the collar of the coat, and made secure 
at both points ; but I have used one so long that it has 
become tender, and the bees find holes to creep in, a 
dozen at a time ; when in, all they want is to get out again. 
Now be patient! Let your wrists be secured over the gloves 
by a tie or two of tape; this done, you wib find you are per¬ 
fectly master, and your antagonists wib soon give in. 
Now as to the hour of the day: all have a chance of fol¬ 
lowing her Majesty, which they wib assuredly do, and the 
casualties will be very few. I have turned them up, given 
them a tap at the off-side, taken a gravy-spoon, and placed a 
spoonful or two on the intended bghting board, and the rest 
are quickly induced to follow. 
If you think any of this worthy of notice, I will give you 
the history of the removal of a colony full of honey ten 
miles, and its successful introduction into the middle dor¬ 
mitory of a Nutt’s patent box iu August, on a remarkably hot 
day, where they were for at least three years after. I wib 
now only add one more observation, and that is, I may 
venture safely to say that my bees have swarmed six times 
out of seven on Sundays, when I was at home (other days I 
am rarely at home) : did any one ever venture to say that it 
is possible to cause them to swarm at any particular time, 
