THE COTTAGE GARDENER. 
347 
J February 27.j 
lias : all kinds intended for propagation, should now be put into heat. 
; Those placed in heat last month, will now be starting into growth. Cut 
off the young tops when three inches long, and put into sand in heat and 
shade. Fuchsias start in gentle heat, and propagate by very young 
shoots in sand, in heat and shade. Pinks see to, and if the frost has 
loosened the soil, press it to the plants again firmly with the fingers. 
Pansies peg down to the soil, and layer the long shoots, which will 
cause them to put out fresh roots and greatly encourage fine flowering. 
Roses for exhibition, water with liquid manure, and bring into a green¬ 
house, or deep pit, in succession. Shelter, give particularly now in 
frosty weather, as the spring shoots are very tender and liable to damage 
from sudden changes. Tulips: these more particularly must now be 
j attended to, to prevent wet and frost from stagnating their growth. 
T. Appleby. 
_ 
FLOWER-GARDEN. 
Annuals (Tender), such as the Portulacas, Mesembryanthemums, 
Lobelias, &c., sow, b.; (Hardy), sow on dry borders, b. and e. 
Biennials, sow, e. Cuttings, push on the propagation of cuttings, 
and transplant them as far as they root. Dahlias, sow, and force old 
| roots for stock, b. Dress every part within the boundary as early as you 
can. Edgings of all sorts finish off as early as possible. All Ever¬ 
greens transplanted since last August, may have liquid-manure this 
month, and throughout the season after this mild winter. Flowers, 
prick off plants you want cuttings from, b. Finish all the Plant¬ 
ing and Spring Pruning of trees and shrubs, and all necessarj' 
alterations as soon as the weather will permit. Grass and Clover 
| Seed sow with a liberal hand over patchy grass: keep the grass in 
i clean, trim order, and roll it three times this month, and oftener if you 
j can. Gravel, clean, roll, and relay. Hand-glasses, the best of all 
j aids to rear half-hardy, and such other annuals as come up weakly at first, 
■ place them on a warm sheltered aspect. Hoeing : never hoe a border in 
March, for fear of killing something which you cannot yet see. Hotbeds 
are only good helps to those who can well manage them for the flower- 
garden ; keep them up to 70°, and steady. Hyacinths and other Bulbs ; 
as soon as they appear, stir the beds and* lighten the soil round the plants ; 
and plant spring Gladioli at once. Perennials, with the exception of 
long fleshy rooted ones, ought to be removed*—divided, if necessary—and 
receive some fresh soil, or be planted in new situations at least every 
third season ; see to this rule, and treat one-third of each family, every 
February or March, according to it. Protection is necessary for almost 
all young things of a tender nature, this month. Rakes : lock them up, 
b. ; if your man cannot dress a border without a rake, pity him. Roses 
finish pruning, b., except, perhaps, a few strong ones be left unpruned 
till April, to bloom later; but this plan is radically bad, and not necessary 
now with our perpetuals. Seeds, do not sow a packet of rare seeds in 
one pot only, sow in two or three pots to provide against accident to one. 
Seedlings, in heat transplant as soon as you can handle them. Stakes : 
see if you have a stock on hand for your dahlias, hollyhocks, and all other 
plants requiring them next summer, and see that all the old ties and 
rotten stakes are out of the rosary. Sweet Briar, sown in a single row, 
will grow and make a hedge in such poor soil, as would kill other roses. 
Turf, lay. D. Beaton. 
FRUIT-GARDEN. 
Apricots, prune, if before neglected, b. ; young ones, head down; 
search for eggs of Red Bar moth. Apples, dress for blight. Blossoms 
of wall-fruit, protect. Currants, finish planting and pruning, b. 
Espaliers, generally finish regulating,!). Figs, plant; make layers; 
plant cuttings. Fork over the borders and quarters, if before omitted. 
Gooseberries, prune, if before neglected, b. ; finish planting, b. 
Grafting, in mild weather, is best done in this month. Scions, pre¬ 
pare. Hoeing cannot be done too often. MuLcn round the trees 
newly-planted, to keep the roots moist. Medlars, Mulberries, and 
Nectarines, neglected before, prune, b. ; young, head down. Pears, 
carefully prune and train. Peaches and Nectarines, apply sulphur 
mixture to. Planting, omitted, complete, b. (See Feb.) Pruning, in 
general, complete without fail, b. Raspberries, finish planting, b. 
Root-prune, where omitted, b. Strawberries, finish dressing, b.; 
plant Alpine runners. Standard Orchard-trees, finish pruning, b. 
Suckers, for stocks, may be planted (See Feb.). Support, with stakes, 
trees newly-planted. Stocks, raise from seeds of apples, pears, quinces, 
and medlars. Trench, &c., ground for planting. Trellised Fruits, 
train; protect. Vines, finish pruning without fail, b. ; plant cuttings, 
and make layers. 
In Grafting , commence with plums and cherries; but scions on the 
latter, if inserted on large trees, seldom succeed. Loose branches, and 
last year’s shoots of pears and other fruit-trees, trained as pyramidols, 
fasten in their proper positions. R. Errington. 
FRUIT FORCING. 
Air, admit freely. Aphides, destroy in all forcing structures by 
fumigation or tobacco liquor. Cherries ripening require abundance of 
air, but little water. Forward Cucumbers, whether for boxes or frames. 
Leaves, clean by the sponge and syringe. Pines require more water 
and greater heat; syringe occasionally ; give liquid manure ; shift into 
larger pots. Peaches, thin ; the day temperature for them should not 
exceed 70°, with plenty of air ; disbud; trim; water freely. Straw¬ 
berries, in pots, continue successions. Temperature for pines 
should be about 85° with sun, and during night 6 o°. Sulphur, apply 
on flues and pipes, to destroy red spider. Tobacco fumigations, con¬ 
tinue. Vines are now all in motion; thin ; stop; train; keep well 
supplied with liquid manure ; air, keep moist, except to those in 
blossom ; use sulphur, or the mildew may visit you; temperature as 
last month. Melons, provide succession. 
GREENHOUSE. 
Air, admit in fine weather, when the outside temperature is above 35°; 
a shut house is better than cold currents and night fires ; in foggy 
weather, however, light a Are, to clear and dry the atmosphere. Bulbs 
and Tuberous roots, introduce, and water more freely ; start the various 
kinds of Aehimenes, Gesnera, and Gloxinia, in hotbed ; seeds of the 
latter, sown now, will give nice little flowering plants for the autumn and 
winter, if you can give them heat. Calceolarias and Cinerarias, 
water more freely; give manure water to those flowering and showing 
their flower-stalks ; shade in sunny weather ; shift for succession. 
Camellias and Azaleas, water more plentifully when in bloom ; keep 
those intended for late blooming as cool and shaded as possible, so that 
frost does not injure them. Diosma, Epacris, Heaths, give abun¬ 
dance of air when growing and flowering; Prune freely when done 
flowering, and keep close until they begin to grow, when the roots had 
better be examined. Hotbeds, prepare for sowing Primula seeds, and 
any other desirable greenhouse plants, raising cuttings, sowing seeds, or 
striking cuttings of the commoner sorts for stocks, on which to inarch 
or graft Correas, Oranges, Camellias, &c ; the grafting of such plants is 
easily effected in such a sweet moist hotbed, and does away with much of 
the trouble of inarching. Such a bed will, also, be necessary for starting I 
Cockscombs and Balsams, See. Insects, destroy. Leaves and Stems, | 
clean ; a little soap in the water is a great auxiliary for removing all kinds j 
of filth; syringe with clean water afterwards. Lilies, Japan : after the 
stems appear, place in a light, airy situation. Mignonette, and tender 
annuals, sow in slight hotbed, to be afrerwards hardened off. Soil, 
prepare ; turn ; and expose for a general shifting about the end of the 
month ; but do not knock about fresh soil intended for potting, so as to 
shake the fibre out of it. Train large plants of Pelargoniums, intended 
for early flowering ; Stop those for late summer and autumn. Scarlet 
Geraniums, intended for specimens in pots, give good shifts to, and if 
they can get a little bottom-heat, they will come all the stronger and 
bloom the finer. Tie Climbers to rafters, after duly pruning them, keep¬ 
ing in mind whether the flowers arc produced on young or old wood ; train 
those daily on trellises ; and, as the season is now getting on, let neatness, 
order, and cleanliness, everywhere prevail. R. Fisn. 
KITCHEN GARDEN. 
This is a busy month ; every day brings its work; a favourable oppor- | 
tunity should never be lost for doing any particular kind of work ; take 
advantage of open mild weather for every kind of planting; in taking up 
transplanted plants from nursery beds of any kind, or at any time, always 
lift them up with some kind of tool or other, as a transplanted plant 
always suffers so much more than a plant drawn from the seed-bed. 
Angelica, sow, or plant, e., autumn sown. Alexanders, sow, m. or e. 
Asparagus, sow or plant, e.; and dress off out-door beds ; attend to 
that in forcing; water with liquid-manure once a week. Artichokes 
and Balm, plant. Basil, sow a little for early use. Beans, plant; and 
earth-stir growing crops. Beet (Red), sow a little for early use. 
Borage, sow, and earth-stir autumn sown, and thin out. Borecole, 
sow, m. Brocoli, sow a little of the early kinds, and mark any favourite 
kinds for seed. Burnet, plant or sow. Cabbages. Any early kinds 
may be sown, or Red Dutch , should plants be wanted. Capsicums, sow 
in hotbed, m. or e. Cardoons, sow, e., for first crop. Carraway, sow. 
Carrots, sow for early crops ; attend tc thinning-out those in growth, 
and earth-stirring. Cauliflowers, plant out the winter-protected; 
attend to spring-sown, as to airing, pricking out and earth-stirring; 
also assist the early hand-glass crop withsoakings of liquid-manure, &c. ; 
and sow in succession, e. Celeriac, sow Celery, sow main crop, m., 
and prick-out early-sown on gentle hotbed; leave for seed. Chamo¬ 
mile, plant. Chervil, sow ; save seed from autumn-sown. Chives, may 
be planted. Clary, sow, e. Cress (American), sow. Composts, pre¬ 
pare. Coriander, sow. Corn Salad, sow. Cucumbers, ridge out; 
pot off; or sow in succession; attend to those in bearing ; keep up a good 
moist heat. Dill, sow or plant. Earth-stirring, attend to in all 
cases, and often. Fennell, sow or plant. Garlic, finish planting. 
Hoeing, attend to in dry days. Horeiiound, plant or sow. Horse¬ 
radish, finish planting. Hyssop, sow, or take up and divide old roots. 
Jerusalem Artichokes, finish planting. Kidney-beans, sow in 
succession; attend to those in bearing, assist them with liquid manure. 
Leeks, sow. Lettuces, sow ; prick out ; and plant out. Marigold, 
sow. Sweet or Knotted Marjoram, sow a little for early use. Mar¬ 
joram (Common Garden), divide and plant out. Melons, sow in 
succession, and ridge out; attend to earthing-up, training, &c., the 
early crops. Mint, plant. Mushroom-beds, make, and attend to; 
assist old beds with a little tepid manure water. Mustard and Cress, 
sow, once or twice a week. Nasturtiums, sow, e. Onions, sow the 
main crop ; plant for seed, b. ; also finish planting the Underground or 
Potato Onion ; also the Tree Onion; and look over those in the store. 
Orach, sow. Parsley, both kinds, sow. Parsnips, sow, b. Peas, 
sow in succession ; earth-stir, or earth-up, and attend to sticking, &c. 
Pennyroyal, plant. Potatoes, finish planting, either in hotbed or 
open quarter, Radishes, sow in succession ; attend to thinning-out 
young crops. Rampion, sow. Rape, sow, common , and edible- 
rooted, e. Rhubarb, sow or plant, b. Rochombole and Rosemary, 
plant. Rue, plant. Sage, plant. Shallots, finish planting. Sal- 
safy and Scorzonera, sow a little for early use. Savoys, sow. Sea- 
kale, sow' or plant out; attend to early covering-up, to exclude the light 
from the crowns, for successional and late crops. Skirrets, sow, e. 
Succory, sow. Sorrel, plant or sow. Spinach, sow in succession. 
Tansy and Tarragon, plant. Thyme, sow or plant. Tomatos, sow r 
in hotbed, e. Turnips, make a small sowing two or three times during 
the month. T. Weaver. 
London: Printed by Harry Wooldridge, Winchester High-street, 
in the Parish of Saint Mary Kalendar; and Published by William 
Somerville Orr, at the Office, No. 2, Amen Corner, in the Parish of 
ChristChurch, City of London.—February 27 th, 1851. 
R. Errington. 
