July 1. 
THE COTTAGE GARDENER 
WEEKLY CALENDAR. 
207 
i 
^ 1 
1 
JULY 1—7, 1852. 
Weather near London in 1851. 
Barometer. Thermo. Wind. Rain in In. 
Sun 
Rises. 
Sun 
Sets. 
Moon 
R.&S. 
Moon’s 
Age. 
Clock 
bef. Sun. 
Day of 
Year. 
ITh 
Corn-Saw-wort flowers. 
30.005 
— 29.899 
78—59 
E. 
1.18 
•J9 a. 3 
17 a. 8 
rises. 
© 
3 
31 
183 
2jF 
Thorough-Wax flowers. 
29.988 
— 29.851 
65—63 
N.E. 
__ 
50 
18 
9 a 20 
15 
3 
42 
184 
3 s 
Dog Days begin. 
30.021 
— 30.013 
66—52 
N.E. 
_ 
51 
17 
10 1 
16 
3 
185 
4 Sun 
4 Sunday after Trinity. 
30.027 
— 30.011 
67—37 
N.E. 
_ 
51 
17 
10 31 
4 
4 
186 
5 M 
Blue-Bottle flowers. 
30.021 
— 29.975 
75—45 
N. 
_ 
52 
17 
10 55 
4 
14 | 
187 
6 Tu 
Old Midsummer Day. 
30.058 
— 30.050 
74—50 
N.W. 
53 
1(3 
11 14 
188 
7 W 
Little Field-Madder flowers. 
30.051 
— 29.903 
75—55 
N.W. 
— 
54 
16 
11 32 
20 
4 
34 
189 
Meteorology of teie Week. At Chiswick, from observations during the last twenty-five years, the average highest anil lowest tcmpera- 
these days are/5 and 52.5° respectively. The greatest heat, 95°, occurred on the 5th in 1846 ; and the lowest cold, 37°, on the 1st 
in 1837. During the period 106 days were fine, and on 69 rain fell. 
BRITISH WILD FLOWERS. 
CROWFOOTS—RANUNCULACEAS. 
(Continued from p. 171.) 
TUOLLIUS. GLOBE FLOATER. 
Generic Character. — Calyx none. Petals several, in¬ 
ferior, uncertain in number, from five to fifteen, roundish, 
concave, curved in, deciduous. Nectaries from five to ten, or 
more, shorter than the petals, narrow, flattened, incurved, 
with a single lip ; their base somewhat tubular. Stamens 
numerous, filaments bristle-shaped, shorter than the corolla. 
Anthers terminal, numerous, erect. Gennens superior, 
numerous, stalkless, columnar. Pistils styleless. Stigmas 
I pointed, spreading, shorter than the stamens. Seed-pods 
| (follicles ), as many as the gennens, cylindrical, pointed, 
curved back, collected into a round head. Seeds several, at 
the edges of the capsule, ovate, smooth, somewhat trian¬ 
gular. 
Trollius Europteus : European or Mountain Globe 
Flower; Gowlans; Lucken-Gowan (that is Cabbage Daisy) 
in Scotland ; Globe Ranunculus; Globe Crowfoot. 
Description.—Root perennial, fibrous, and black. Stem 
about eighteen inches high, upright, cylindrical, hollow, 
leafy, and branched at the top. Leaves in many gashed 
lobes, pinnatifid, smooth; the root-leaves on long foot¬ 
stalks ; all saw-toothed on the outer edge, but nearly entire 
on the inner; stem leaves nearly stalkless, alternate. 
Flowers of a globe form, petals about fifteen, yellow. Nec¬ 
taries narrow, scarcely half so long as the petals, and of the 
same colour. Stamens linear, anthers curved in. Capsules, 
more than thirty, nearly cylindrical, curved in, ribbed 
lengthwise, one-celled, ending in a crooked horn pointing 
outwards, and giving the head, into which the capsules are 
collected, a star-like form. Seeds, above twelve in each 
capsule, small, angular, black, and shining. 
Places where found. — In shady, mountuinous, moistish 
situations. Not uncommon in our northern counties. 
Time of flowering. —May and June. 
History. —The young villagers of some of our northern 
counties, as well as those of Scotland and Sweden, make 
this a festival-flower. In Westmoreland, about the begin¬ 
ning of June, the young of both sexes gather it with accom¬ 
panying festivities, returning with it in the evening to form 
into wreaths and garlands to adorn their doors and cottages. 
Allan Ramsay makes the young laird tell Edinburgh Katy— 
We'll gae to some bum-side to play, 
And gathers flowers to busk ye’r brow : 
We’ll pou the daisies on the green, 
The Lucken-Gowan frae the bog. 
It seems to have been first known to our Londou herb¬ 
alists iu 1581, for during that year, Chusius relates that he 
saw it there newly brought from the mountains in the 
north. Parkinson says, that “in the northern counties, 
where it groweth plentifully, it is called Locker goulons." 
Its name of Trollius is merely a latin termination given by 
Gesner to the German word Irol, which means round or 
globular, alluding to the form of the flower. Its herbage 
and roots are slightly acrid, and cause inflammation. 
(Smith. Martyn. Withering, Parkinson.) 
We look upon the preservation of the Crystal Palace 
for the purpose of establishing a vast garden for the 
people, as one of the most important stejis towards the im 
; provement of our national horticulture taken during the 
! present century. With the exception of Ivew Gardens, 
there is nothing, at present existing, at all ayiproacliing 
it in design or capacity for extensive usefulness; and 
it will as far excel Ivew Gardens, as these excel all others 
within the realm for usefulness and interest. 
That the public are as sanguine as ourselves in a 
high estimate of the value of such an establishment, 
is vouched for by the fact, that no fewer thau one mil- 
livn-and-alialf shares were applied for, being fifteen 
times as many as there were to he distributed. We 
said, on a former occasion, that one hundred and fifty 
thousand shares were applied for, hut that statement 
originated in the omission of a rather influential cipher 
by our informant, who wrote 150,000, instead of 
1,500,000 ! 
The gardens of the Horticultural Society at Chiswick, 
and of the Botanic Society in Regent’s Park, effect a 
certain modicum of good among their own members, 
but to the public at large, to all those who can neither 
afford some guineas a year, nor five shillings for a few 
hours overlooking of assembled excellencies, they are 
sealed places. To remove such a deficiency—to enable 
No. CXCVL, Vol. VIII. 
