310 
THE COTTAGE GARDENER. 
August 12. 
improve by those external circumstances which give 
fertility to the earth, irrespective of the artificial means 
used. It is needless to say that a good dunging will be 
also of sorvice; only, when Celery is expected to follow, 
this dunging had better be reserved for the trenches it 
is to occupy, when it may be used pretty freely. It is 
almost too late now to expect a crop on the ridges, yet a 
few Lettuce plants may he put there, provided the 
weather bo favourable for their removal at the time, and 
the plants good. Of course, the Celery ought also to be 
planted without delay, and everything conducive to its 
welfare attended to hereafter. We have, on former 
occasions, detailed our practice in growing this vegetable, 
so that we have in reality nothing now to add, beyond 
that the earthing-up of the most forward kinds ought to 
he done before waiting so long as was recommended by 
some cultivators years ago, and still followed out yet by 
others. This system, though not without its advantages, 
is, we think, open to many objections. A celery trench is 
seldom anything more than an oblong trough, which 
soon becomes intersected by the roots of the plants 
ramifying through it in all directions. Now this can 
hardly be expected to resist the dry weather we often 
have at this time, consequently, food in a liquid state 
ought to be added, and its escape from thence, by eva¬ 
poration, guarded against by a slight coating with fresh 
soil, which will answer the purpose of blanching the 
celery as well: watering• with liquid manure need not 
cease with this first earthing up; on the contrary, it 
may with advantage be repeated as long as the vigorous 
growth of the plants indicates its want of such stimulat¬ 
ing food, when it may be discontinued, and the plant 
allowed to consolidate itself, in order to be better able 
to stand the winter. 
Considerable quantities of Lettuce and Endive will 
also want planting out now; and as the brocoli, and 
other crops analogous thereto, will absorb all the space 
formerly bearing peas and beans, some spot having 
recently had cauliflowers, or other similar crop, may bo 
planted with this crop forthwith ; while ground vacated 
by early Potatoes may have the crop of Winter Turnips 
sown at once, the weather and other circumstances per¬ 
mitting. The kind most suitable at this time are the 
Early Stone, or some kindred hardy sort. Rich ground 
is not at all necessary for turnips for household pur¬ 
poses, as they are more firm, and stand the winter better, 
when grown on ground less stimulating. The sowing 
of these must not he delayed longer than the middle 
of the month, under any circumstance, otherwise the 
chances are that a crop of leaves will be the only reward 
you will have for your trouble. 
In fact, we have written enough to make our meaning 
clear, that all unoccupied ground should be at once put 
under some crop or other, when ulterior objects do not 
dictate some part or other of it remaining empty some 
| little time longer. Onions to stand the winter will have 
to he sown soon, and some favoured spot selected for 
them must be retained accordingly. The principal sup¬ 
ply of Cabbayes, Winter Lettuce, &c., arc also generally 
sown about the 12th, and by-and-hy plantations of them 
will have to be made on some well-selected border or 
other place. Therefore, in planning the various pro- 
i ducts to their respective positions, due regard must be 
had to any important ones quickly to follow ; otherwise, 
in a general way, the requirements of a family render it 
i necessary to plant another crop immediately the pre¬ 
ceding one gets cleared away; and as the growing 
season is fast hastening to a close, that duty must not 
be omitted for the otherwise necessary one of putting a 
I decent appearance on places often visited by company. 
J. Robson. 
POULTRY OF THE CALAISIS AND THE 
ARDRESIS. 
The Calaisis, the portion of the department of the Pas 
de Calais nearest to the English coast, supplies the London 
market with an immense quantity of poultry; but it like 
wise claims a little of our notice on other accounts. The 
long period during which it remained a valued part of our 
dominions, shows that, having got something worth having, 
we were careful to keep it. Elizabeth fretted sorely at the 
loss of the Calaisis; which, in fact, is a compendium of 
many good things. It abounds witli excellent building 
materials,—stone, lime, and sand, with turf (a great blessing 
to the poor), and wood, where the land is not better em¬ 
ployed. Close by, there is iron ore, and, as at Hardinghen, | 
coal, though in no great quantity; but they are now 
making search for it at Guines, and at Hames, which gives 
the hint that Kent, whose geology is almost the counterpart 
of this, may possess it also. In the uplands, the soil pro- j 
duces rape, wheat, beans, and barley, in abundance, and , 
many other things to match, hops included. The alluvial 
soils are most fertile in flax, oats, hemp, &c., besides all 
sorts of garden vegetables, which, in consequence of the 
climate, the industry of the people and the good ground 
they grow in, are cheap and abundant, as well as in great 
variety. 
There is not a little, which, during a walk in the uplands, 
would strike an English farmer as remarkable, perhaps 
enviable. In the first place, there are no hedge-rows, nor 
hedge-row timber. The land is all cultivated, in that 
respect, on the same principle as at the model example 
farm at Whitfield, by Mr. Morton. It is contrary to the 
local laws of many departments to plant a high-growing 
tree within a certain distance of your neighbour's property, j 
The oaks and ashes which suck the vitals out of so many of i 
our farmers short-leased fields are here unknown. The i 
next-door squire who should stick them in along his own I 
boundary, to your detriment, would commit a preventable 
nuisance. Nevertheless, there is plenty of wood in the 
country, but it is all collected in woods and forests, many of 
them of considerable extent, stretching for miles in length 
and breadth. The road-side elms can hardly be reckoned 
an exception, as the intervals between them are not choked 
up by hedge-rows. The result is, a great diminution of the 
number of weeds and insects. For some weeks, I could not 
very easily find a bit of groundsel or shepherd’s purse, to 
tempt Madame Dubois’s trained siskin to go through liis 
little performances. Permanent home pasture, gardens, 
orchards, and such like, are alone enclosed by white-thorn 
hedge-rows; and those are planted, not on the Lops of 
earthen banks, which it is impossible to keep clean, but in 
the level ground, and in a single row of plants. The white¬ 
thorn hedge can thus be carefully cultivated; the young and 
weak stems are supported and trained almost after the 
fashion of espalier fruit-trees, and the earth at the roots on 
each side of the hedge forked over, and the weeds got rid of. 
The hedge, in fact, thus grows in a narrow bed of garden 
mould. All this, it will be said, is very troublesome ; but it 
is very neat, and very business-like. The rest of the 
country remains open and unenclosed. 
Many people would not at first like the sight of this un 
divided landscape, bounded only by distant forests, rising 
downs, or the far horizon of the sea. But to others, who 
love to breathe a free air, it soon becomes very attractive. 
There is no occasion to peep over your neighbour’s hedge 
in order to spy out what he is doing; with eyes good 
enough, you could perceive his very motion at the distance 
of miles. 
Another thing which would astonish the English agricul¬ 
turist, is the immense number of mole-hills scattered over 
both the meadows and the arable lands. Moles are en¬ 
couraged, rather than otherwise. The farmers say they do 
a great deal of good, and that without them, wire-worms and 
grubs would be productive of serious injury. The abolition 
of hedge-rows does not exterminate all noxious insects, the 
cockchafer being one of those that escape; and after having 
lived four years in the grub state at our expense, every 
cockchafer costs a great deal more than it is worth. It 
should have been premised that there are no rooks in the 
Calaisis, nor, I believe, in its neighbourhood; why, I know 
