November 15. 
THE COTTAGE GARDENER. 
81 
WEEKLY CALENDAR. 
JI 
D 
w 
D 
NOVEMBER 15—21, 1849. 
Weather near London 
in 1848. 
Sun 
Rises. 
Sun 
Sets. 
Moon 
R. & S. 
Moon’s 
Age. 
Clock 
bef. Sun. 
Day of 
Year. 
15 
Tit 
Macliutus. Apricot leafless. 
T. 43—18. 
N. 
Fine. 
21 a. 7 
9 a. 4 
5 a 
0 
1 
15 
11 
319 
16 
F 
Teal arrives. 
T. 45—38. 
W. 
Fine. 
22 
8 
5 
35 
2 
15 
0 
320 
1/ 
S 
Hugh, Bp. of Lincoln. Gadwell comes. 
T. 49—38. 
s.w. 
Rain. 
24 
6 
6 
16 
3 
14 
48 
321 
18 
Sun 
24 S. aft. Trin. Silk-tail Chatterer' 
T. 50—34. 
s.w. 
Rain. 
26 
5 
7 
1 
4 
14 
35 
322 
19 
M 
Fieldfare arrives. [comes. 
T. 50—24. 
N.W. 
Fine. 
27 
4 
7 
52 
5 
14 
22 
323 
20 
Tu 
Edmund, King and Martyr. [Society. 1 
T. 55—40. 
S.W. 
Rain. 
29 
3 
. 8 
48 
6 
14 
8 
324 
21 
\V 
Princess Royal e. 1840. Linnean 
T. 54—33. 
S.W. 
Rain. 
31 
2 
9 
49 
7 
13 
53 
325 
St. Maciiutus, Mahutas, or Malo, was born in the vale of 
Llan-Carvon, in Glamorganshire; but passing into France, and be¬ 
coming an ecclesiastic, he finally attained to one of its bishoprics, the 
cathedral town of which was then called Aletli. This name was 
subsequently changed to St. Malo, in honour of the deceased bishop, 
lie died there a.d. 630. There is no doubt of his being a good and 
able man, but we know of no valid reason for devoting to him a day 
of celebration in the reformed calendar. 
St. Hugh was a native of Gratianopolis, in Burgundy, being born 
there a.d. 1140. When nineteen, he became an inmate of the Char¬ 
treuse, near Grenoble, and within ten years was raised to be its grand 
procurator. From that office he retired at the invitation of our king 
Henry II., who appointed him to the priorship of a fraternity of Car¬ 
thusian monks at Witham, in Somersetshire. In 1186 he was elevated 
to the bishopric of Lincoln. He died in 1200, and was interred in the 
cathedral of his see, which he had lived to rebuild from its foundation. 
Edmund was king of the East Angles—his territories including 
our modern Norfolk, Suffolk, and part of Cambridgeshire—in the 
year 8/0, at which time occurred one of the most destructive invasions 
of the Danes. He was too mild and unwarlike for the age in which 
he held the sceptre ; and when the invaders approached his residence 
at Iloxne, on the banks of the river Waverney, he unwisely parleyed 
with them without any preparation to sustain his negociation with 
the sword. They resented his invectives—imprisoned, scourged, 
pierced with their arrows, and then beheaded him. The Danish chief¬ 
tain himself, Ingwar, was the executioner. Edmund was a sincere 
Christian, and his grateful ecclesiastics obtained his canonization. 
Eventually his remains were buried at Bredicsworth, in Suffolk, and 
its name was thence changed to St. Edmunds-bury, or Bury St. 
Edmunds. 
Meteorology of the Week. —During the last twenty-two 
years the average highest temperature has been 49.2°, and the ave¬ 
rage lowest 36.3°. The highest temperature observed on any one of 
these days during the same period was on the 21st, in 1833, when the 
quicksilver in the thermometer rose to 59°, and the lowest tempera- 
ature observed was on the 1 6 th in 1811, when it sank to 15°, being 17° 
below the freezing point of water. In the twenty-two years during 
seventy-nine of the days rain occurred, and seventy-five were fine. 
Natural Phenomena Indicative of Weather. —If, during 
fine weather, there is a chilliness felt greater than ought to be expe¬ 
rienced from the temperature indicated by the thermometer, we may 
be sure that rain or snow is approaching. That chilliness arises from 
the increased dampness of the air. Without devoting space, which 
we cannot spare, to a particular description of the various kinds of 
clouds, we will only observe that, whatever may be their form, if they 
increase fast and to a great extent, especially if it be towards the 
evening, they portend that rain is at hand. If they form a dappled 
grey covering over the sky, and the wind is from the north, the 
weather will be fair. If they form rapidly and again dissolve away, 
though the weather may be variable for a short time yet it will speedily 
be fine. Large grey clouds, with smaller rounded clouds of a slightly 
paler grey, or almost white, before them, indicate the speedy arrival 
of a heavy downfal. Much red always forbodes wind and rain, es¬ 
pecially if this colour prevails in the morning ; but if it occurs in the 
evening after a grey morning, it often foretells that the next day will 
be fine. This has become a rural verse, for we often hear that 
“ An evening red and a morning grey, 
Will start the traveller on his way ; 
But an evening grey and a morning red, 
Will bring down rain on the pilgrim’s head.” 
A greenish tint near the horizon often indicates a continuance of wet 
weather; and the purple hues which so often beautify the evening 
haze in autumn, usually are a sign that fine weather will continue. 
The colours of the sky are usually more bright and varied in autumn 
than at other seasons, because then there is more vapour in the air 
near the earth; and it is to the reflection of the rays of light from 
the particles of water composing that vapour that those colours owe 
their origin. 
RANGE OF BAROMETER—RAIN IN INCHES. 
Nov. 
1841. 
1842. 
1843. 
1844. 
1845. 
1346. 
1847. 
1848. 
15 
B. 
r 29.479 
29.631 
30.222 
30.078 
29.913 
30.162 
30.220 
30.435 
129.307 
29.614 
30.020 
30.025 
29.719 
30.122 
30.201 
30,421 
R. 
0.4 
0.32 
0.07 
— 
0.06 
— 
— 
— 
16 
B. 
r 29.588 
29.896 
30.007 
30.237 
29.624 
30.123 
30.197 
30.316 
129.431 
29.717 
29.979 
30.191 
29.263 
30.065 
30.157 
30.235 
R. 
— 
0.02 
— 
— 
0.11 
— 
0.09 
-- 
17 
B. 
r 29700 
30.451 
29.914 
30.296 
29.362 
29.902 
30.217 
30.073 
1 29.414 
30.182 
29.591 
30.280 
29.283 
29.848 
30.061 
29.808 
R. 
0.12 
— 
0.11 
— 
0.17 
0.02 
0.01 
0.04 
18 
B. 
f 29.666 
30.532 
29.569 
30.258 
29.439 
29.828 
30.372 
29.729 
129.316 
30.419 
29.505 
30.178 
29.155 
29.487 
30.316 
29.513 
R. 
0.12 
— 
0.01 
— 
0.03 
0.06 
— 
0.03 
19 
B. 
(• 20.474 
30.100 
29.797 
30.177 
29.123 
29.810 
30.369 
30.050 
X 29.266 
29-732 
29.619 
30.143 
29.077 
29.768 
30.269 
29.793 
R. 
0.24 
0.87 
0.10 
— 
0.09 
— 
— 
— 
20 
B. 
/29 375 
29.773 
29.712 
30.204 
29.428 
29.434 
30.215 
29.874 
\ 29.195 
29.717 
29.542 
30.111 
29.143 
29.295 
29.444 
29.581 
R. 
0.18 
— 
— 
— 
0.33 
0.09 
— 
0.09 
21 
B. 
f29.382 
29-785 
29.600 
30.304 
29.485 
29.631 
29.836 
29.662 
129.291 
29.677 
29.500 
30.291 
29.382 
29.530 
29.593 
29.523 
R. 
0.30 
0.32 
0.02 
0.02 
O.06 
0.37 
0.01 
0.03 
Insects. —At p. 56 of our second 
volume Mr. Errington warns all culti¬ 
vators of wall fruit, as soon as they 
observe, in May, one of the leaves 
rolled up, to destroy the little cater¬ 
pillar within the roll, and to watch for 
others, because the eggs of the moth 
from which that caterpillar came con¬ 
tinue to hatch for several weeks. That 
moth is the Narrow-winged Red Bar, 
Pcedisca angustiorana of some natu¬ 
ralists, and the Ditula and Torlrix 
angustiorana of others. These cater¬ 
pillars appear during May and June : 
they are about half an inch long, are 
pale yellowish green, and with the 
head brownish yellow. A few bristles 
are scattered over the body. It is a 
very active caterpillar, wriggling about 
in most varied contortions when dis¬ 
turbed, crawling with equal facility 
backwards and forwards, and letting 
itself down by a single thread from its mouth. It passes into 
the state of a brown shining chrysalis, rolled up in the same 
leaves, and from this the moth comes forth in July. The moth 
is very small, not longer than the line below our drawing of the 
insect magnified. The fore-wings are reddish brown, in bands of 
various degrees of darkness. The liind-wings are dusky. It de¬ 
posits its eggs, probably, upon the branches, where they remain 
all the winter, and the caterpillars are most frequently found upon 
the apricot. 
A few days since we received a buncli of very fine 
grapes, with a letter, from which the following is an 
extract:— 
“ This sample of grapes grew on a vine in my 
greenhouse, which I understand is a Syrian vine.* 
* The Syrian grape is white. Those sent were Black Hamburghs, 
we think. 
However this he, it produces abundantly, and, as you 
may judge by the specimen, the fruit is not bad, but, 
doubtless, from some mismanagement, which your 
experience may enable me to correct hereafter, most 
of the bunches rot off in the middle even before they 
ripen. I thought at first that this might be caused 
by the fruit being allowed to remain too thick in the 
bunches, and therefore thinned them to the extent of 
No. LTX. Vol. III. 
