74 
THE COTTAGE GARDENER. 
November 3. 
much greater extent than usual, and asked the name of 
the species, and for any other information respecting 
it. They appeared to he the larva) of Teplmtis Ono- 
pordinis, and Artemisia;, concerning which, and the 
injuries to Chrysanthemums and Celery, an article, by 
Mr. Westwood, was published in “ Loudon’s Gardener’s 
Magazine,” in 1839. 
Mr. Foxcroft sent for exhibition several of his 
captures of insects, of all orders, in Perthshire. 
Mr. Edwin Shepherd exhibited a hermaphrodite 
Aids consortaria, the right side, contrary to the rule in 
such cases, being female. 
Mr. Smith exhibited several rare Hymenoptera, taken 
recently at Southend ; also, a living male of the para¬ 
sitic Anthophorabia nitida, which was now eleven days 
old, although Mr. Newport had given the duration of 
life in the species as, at most, eighteen hours. 
Mr. W. W. Saunders exhibited specimens of a Xylo- 
copa, from Port Natal, with the nest, consisting of 
several chambers in a reed ; also a mud nest of a 
Polopceus, which, however, had produced only parasitic 
Crypti. 
Mr. Stevens exhibited a quantity of insects just re¬ 
ceived from Mr. Bates, at Santarem, including many 
species of small Coleoptera. 
Mr. Hemmings sent for exhibition Asopia nemoralis 
(Scop.), taken June 2Gth, at Holm Bush, near Henfiekb 
Sussex; and Simartliis vibrana (Hub.), taken Sept. 11 th, 
near Hurst, in Sussex—both being new species; also 
the rare Phibulapteryx gemmata, takon at Hurst, Sep¬ 
tember 11th. 
Mr. Douglas exhibited specimens of Gelechia insta- 
bitella, bred from Chenopodium maritinum, growing at 
Brighton, in August. 
The President read a curious account, communicated 
by J. Walter Lea, of Ramsgate, through A. R. Hogan, 
Esq., of the appearance of a parasitic moth from the 
pupa of Lasiocampa Trifolii, but, unfortunately, by an 
accident, the whole had been swept away before there 
was an opportunity of verifying the observation. 
Read also a paper on Bees destroyed by toads. In 
the instance observed, several bees were found alive in 
the toad’s stomach; and on Oniscus armadillo ; and 
on Typhlocyba Jilicum, a new species, as injurious to cul¬ 
tivated Ferns, especially under glass. All by the 
President. 
Read a description of Lithocolectus irradiella, a new 
species taken near Renfrew, by John Scott, Esq. 
Road also some extracts from a letter addressed to 
the Secretary, by the Rev. J. Greene, on the liability of 
the genus Notodonta to the attacks of Ichneumons ; and 
on the general prevalence of mouldiness among cater¬ 
pillars this year, probably on account of the dampness 
of the season. 
At Hamburgh, where five-eighths of the cholera occurred 
in the lowest parts of the town, but little above the level 
of tho water, “ it has been found that incautious ex¬ 
posure to cold and damp has brought on an attack as 
rapidly as improper food, or excess.” In Italy, in the 
'malarious districts, the ground-floor of the mansion is 
rarely tenanted; all below tho second-floor being deemed ! 
no better than a cellar or dark dungeon. And the 
common people wrap themselves in thick, coarse, 
woollen garments, for safety against fever. Damp is 
more trying to the human constitution than mere cold. 
Let the bulb of a thermometer be heated to the tempe¬ 
rature of 95° in a warm baud; or by placing it in the j 
mouth ; the exact time it takes to cool down to nearly 
the warmth of the air, in a very moist, and in a very 
dry atmosphere, respectively, of equal temperature, will 
shew by bow much more quickly vital heat is moment¬ 
arily abstracted in the one case than in the other 
Almost every grave disease begins with shiverings, and 
the importance of keeping-up a brisk, active tone in the 
minute extreme vessels of the skin, as a safeguard 
against pestilential disease, is a point that deserves our 
careful study. 
We see ruddy faces and out-door employments go 
together. Our country folks trust more to exercise than 
extra clothing to keep them warm, and suffer little from 
epidemics; their little children, who are more in the 
house, suffer somewhat more. The agricultural la¬ 
bourer’s cottage may be as dirty, damp, and over¬ 
crowded, as that of the poor man in the town ; but out¬ 
door habits protect him; and the pure, free, outside 
air, not very completely excluded from the cottage, is 
some safeguard to his family. 
The black race, who have a powerful skin (in every 
sense), who are but partially clothed, are anything but 
particular in their ablutions, preferring mutton-grease 
to brown soap; whose residences are by no means 
model cottages; and who have too little care about 
the quality of the water they drink, possess a remarkable 
immunity from epidemics; and are almost exclusively 
taken up with out-door employments. In door servants, 
tho thorough bred descendants of negroes, who happen 
to have devoted themselves to in-door avocations, lose, 
in two or three generations, much of that physiognomy 
which has been a family characteristic from the times 
of the Egyptian monuments. 
The Moorish ladies in Spain, leading an in-door life, 
and being mostly veiled, become very fair and delicate. 
Highly civilised men and women take a pride in their 
artificial wants. They delight to exclude cold, damp, 
and even sunshine, from their houses, and wrap their 
limbs in ample clothing, in lieu of healthy exercise in j 
the open air. But what is the case of the poor of our I 
towns, condemned to suffer so many of the impurities 
of the civilised state, with so few countervailing com¬ 
forts and appliances? Nature has not a fair chance 
with them, and their pallid, shivering skins must be as 
warmly protected, just now, as is the Italian peasants, J 
in a warmer climate than ours, but from which fever ; 
is rarely absent. < , j 
The class of pestilential diseases marked by an actual * 
outbreak on the skin is tnoro numerous than is generally 
supposed. Shopmen, clerks, and other young towns¬ 
people, are liable to an unsightly eruption on the face 
