90 
THE COTTAGE GARDENER. 
November 3. 
Class 31.—SILVEH-SPANGLED POLANDS. Birds exceeding one- : 
year-old. Cock and two Hens. 
342. First prize, Cyrus Clark, Street. Age, unknown. 344. Second 
prize, Christopher Rawson, The Hurst, Walton-ou-Thames. Aged. 
Class 32.—SILVER-SPANGLED POLANDS. Cock and three Pullets 
(Chickens of 1853), 
346. First prize, William Symonds, Weymouth. April. 345. Second 
prize, Cyrus Clark, Street. Age, six months. 
Class 33.—BANTAMS (Gold or Silver-laced'. Cock and two Hens. 
356. First prize, Christopher Rawson, The Hurst, Walton-on-Thames. 
Aged. 354. Second prize, James Crane, jun., Tolpuddle. Age, one year. 
Class 34.—BANTAMS (Black, White, or any other .variety). Cock and j 
two Hens. 
368. First prize, Mrs. Mills, Bisterne, near Ringwood. Age, one year. 
363. Second prize, William Symonds, YVeymouth. Age, unknown. 
Class 35.—GEESE (of any breed). Gander and one Goose. 
380. First prize, Thomas Panton Edwards, Railway Station, Lyndhurst, 
Hants. Age, unknown. 372. Second prize, Mrs. Hill Dunmau, Troytown. 
Age, forty-two months. 
Class 36.—DUCKS (of any breed). Drake and two Ducks. 
417. First prize, Thomas Panton Edwards, Railway Station, Lynd¬ 
hurst, Hants. Age, six months. 412. James Crane, junr., Tolpuddle. 
Age, seven months. 
Class 37 .—TURKEYS (of any breed). Cock and one Hen. 
431. First prize, William Manfield, Dorchester. 435. Second prize, 
Christopher Rawson, The Hurst, YValton-on-Thames. Aged. 
TO CORRESPONDENTS. 
*** YY r e request that no one will w'rite to the departmental writers of 
The Cottacr Gardener. It gives them unjustifiable trouble and 
expense. All communications should be addressed “ To the Editor of 
the Cottage Gardener,2 , Amen Corner , Paternoster Row, London .” 
Gold Fish. —“ T. R. will be most happy to see G. W., if, any day 
that is convenient to him, he will call at Pagoda Cottage, near Mulberry 
Lane, Dover Road ; and he will be glad to hear G. YV’s experience on 
the subject of the Gold Fish of China, the care of which contributes so 
much to the amusement of the Chinese ladies, who call them to their 
food with a whistle. He will also be happy of the opportunity of showing 
G. W. his collection of beetles from the same country; also a fine 
stuffed specimen of the aquatic bird used in certain provinces of that 
country, and trained for the purpose of catchin; fish. It is, he believes, a 
species of cormorant. As to the secret method by which the Bonzes of 
Fo change the colours of their fish, he could obtain no information, as the 
jealousy and caution with which the Chinese admit strangers to be wit¬ 
nesses to their inventions must be as well known to G. W. as to himself, 
and also the Bonzes arc only allowed to instruct their young disciples, 
who are brought up to succeed them in their priesthood.” 
Pears (J Nonice ).—The Beurre d*Aremberg is a different Pear from 
Colmar d'Aremberg. and is preferable to it. The Bergamotte d' Espe- 
rance must be Bcrgumotte d’ Esperen, a new variety in use during 
March and April.—H. 
Apple (II. S. I Veiling). —It appears to be a seedling Apple, and of 
little value, to judge from the state in which it was received. 
Pears (G. P. H., Oxford). —The Louise Bonne of Jersey and Forelle 
Pears are quite distinct. They are both beautiful, and very excellent 
varieties, but which is the better one is difficult to say. The former is 
ripe in October, the latter in January, and is by far the more beautiful 
of the two.—H. 
Fruit Trees for a YYall in the elevated part of Derby¬ 
shire ( W. W.). —On the East wall you will require twelve trees; and, 
as you intend to confine them to Pears, Plums, and Cherries, you cannot 
do better than have of Pears —2 Marie Louise, 2 Passe Colmar, 2 Fo¬ 
relle. Plums —1 Greengage, 1 Royal Hative, 1 Reine Claude Violette. 
Cherries—1 Black Tartarian, 1 Black Eagle, 1 Elton. On the West 
wall, twelve trees also : Pears— 2 Beurr£ d’Amaulis, 2 Glout Morceau, 
2 Hacon’s Incomparable. Plums—1 Precoce de Tours, 1 Coe’s Golden 
Drop, 1 Kirke’s. Cherries—1 Mayduke, 1 Early Purple Guignc, 
1 Bigarreau Napoleon. On the South wall of 106 feet, you can have of 
Pears —2 Nelis d’Hivcr, 2 Beurre de Ranse, 1 Jean de YVitte. On the 
East wall, 83 feet— Pears —2 Knight’s Monarch and 2 Thompson’s. 
All these will do well in your locality.—H. 
Fruit Trees for a YYall in Durham ( Fructus , Salt well).—Yon 
will require twelve trees, which, to save time, you should procure, ready 
dwarf trained, of some repectable nurseryman. You do not say whether 
you want Peaches, Nectarines, or Apricots, Apples, Pears, Plums, or 
Cherries ; but, as your aspect is due south, you cannot do better than 
grow, in the northern part of Durham, the following:— Peaches — 1 
Royal George, 1 Noblesse. Nectarines—] Elruge, 1 Y r iolette Hative. 
Apricots—1 Large Early, 1 Royal. Pears — 1 Passe Colmar, ] Nelis 
d’Hiver. Plums—1 Purple Gage, 1 Royale Hative. Cherries—1 
Early Purple Guigne, 1 Elton.—H, 
YY’intering Geraniums (Ibid).— YVhen “drying” these is men¬ 
tioned, it is intended that the whole of the plants should be free from 
wet; and when “ kept in the upper room of the house,” that they should 
be left in their pots, and little or no water given during the w'inter. 
Heat for a Greenhouse (Caroline). —You require to ripen Grapes 
by August and September. It is very likely your gardener is right, but 
we should have known more about it if you had mentioned what you have 
omitted—the size and length of your piping for hot water. If during 
severe frost in winter—say fifteen or twenty degrees below the freezing 
point—you could keep your greenhouse plants in a temperature of 45°, 
then you have sufficient means for ripening Grapes in September—taking 
out most of your plants by the end of May. At a rough guess, in a 
house 31 feet by 16 , and we suppose some front glass, you would require 
some sixty feet of four-inch pipe ; and, if the pipe were smaller, more of 
it in proportion. If you wished the Grapes earlier, more would be 
required, unless you resorted to covering. It would not be of great use 
putting on large fires to ripen wood in the end of October ; that should 
have been helped in the end of August. 
Net for Fruit Trees (31. L. D .).—Nottingham Lace is very cheap, 
if only required to keep out flies and wasps. It is generally sold in 
pieces, and these, for something like 25s, will give you a great number of 
square yards, it being generally three or four yards wide. 
Suckers on Fuchsias (Ibid). —YVhen a symmetrical stem is the 
object these should be removed. They will make plants neither better 
nor worse than common cuttings, when subjected to the same treatment, 
though if you get a root with them you have a trifling advantage. 
Buddlea Lindleyana (Ibid). —Keep this in the greenhouse, or a 
cold pit; get some young plants of it, and then plant the old one out in 
a rather sheltered place, in a compost of peat and loam, well drained. 
Grafting Camellias and Oranges (W. T.). —YVe prefer the 
spring, just before the young shoots, used as scions, begin to elongate; 
but it may be done at any time, when these conditions are found in 
ripened wood as scions, and a close moist heat of from 55° to 65° can be 
secured for placing the plants in, so as to promote a quick union. 
Striking Cuttings (Ibid), —YVhether will cuttings of hard-wooded 
plants strike quicker and best, in a hot or in a cold frame ? There is no 
royal road here. It depends entirely on the circumstances of the plant 
from which cuttings are taken. If that is excited, and growing freely, 
then a little heat would be best. If in a dormant state, put them in a 
cold frame. For instance, here are Calceolaria cuttings taken from 
plants out-of-doors ; put them in heat now, and if a ticklish sort, the 
most of them will bid you good-bye. Place them under a hand-light in 
a shady border, and just keep frost from them, and every one will strike, 
though they may take six or more weeks to do so. Take the tops of 
these same plants, or cuttings, when growing freely, next March or April, 
and place them as cuttings in a mild hotbed, and they will strike in fewer 
days than they required weeks in autumn. Reason and think on this 
simple fact, and a key will be given you to unlock all the secrets as to 
the position and heat certain cuttings should have. 
Yi ne Borders (J. R .).—The best time for making them is dry wea¬ 
ther now. The best mode is to have the most of it above the ground 
level, flagged, and a chamber underneath, with the means of heating this 
chamber at pleasure. The next best and cheapest is to have the border, 
partly, at least, above the ground level, the bottom of the border sloping 
from back to front, for a foot in twelve or fifteen feet in width, and there 
terminating in a deep drain. The bottom should then be concreted, and 
then have, when dry, from eight inches of broken bricks, stone, and 
rubble thrown over it, with a little rough gravel as a finishing, and then 
it would be ready for the soil. This should be fully two-and-a-half-feet 
deep at first, as it will compress to about two feet, and should be nice 
loam, fibry, and mixed with lime rubbish freely, and a very fair allow¬ 
ance of broken bones. The top of the border must slope quite as much 
as the bottom, or rather more. The Y r ines may be planted in spring, or 
they may be started in the inside of the house, or in another hothouse, 
and be turned out in the border in June. In the latter case, it is neces¬ 
sary that the soil should be aired and heated before planting, that 
warm water be used at planting, and means taken to prevent the young 
plant receiving any check. By these means strong rods may be procured 
the first season. 
Various Fruits, &c., for North Cheshire ( J. R. C.). — Plums 
for a west wall— one or two Greengage, Kirke’s, or Victoria. Plums for 
Standards —besides Damsons, Early Orleans, Orleans, YV T asliington, 
Y r ictoria, Purple Gage. Fur Espaliers —Greengage, Purple Gage, Wash¬ 
ington, Drap d’ Or, Drap Rouge, Kirke’s. Roses under a south wall — 
some of them Yellows. Bourbons —Charles Souchet, Dupetit Thouars, 
Paul Joseph, Souvenir de la Malrnaison. Chinas —Mrs. Bosanquet, 
Cramoisie superieue. Tea-scented —Devoniensis, LaPactole, Nephetos, 
Queen Victoria, Saffrano, Y r icomptesse de Cazes, Flavescens. Noisette — 
Aimee Y'ibert, Euphrosyne, Lamarque, Cloth of Gold, Solfaterre. 
Errata. — 1 st column, page 43, line 31 from top, change “ flags” into 
“ glass.” 2nd column, line 38, after above , add “ the ground level.” 
Ceylon Jungle Fowls (W. Johtison Wyatt ).—The following is the 
answer of the owner of the “ Ceylon Jungle Fowls” to your queries on 
an enclosed feather—“ I have examined the feather you sent me, and 
find that in the markings and colour it resembles the feathers of my dark 
Ceylon fowl; but the brown margin of yours is both darker and browner 
than mine ; although not indentical, yet they are very like. I think the 
one you sent me is from a larger fowl than mine.” 
Guinea Fowls.— A. D. obliges us by writing as follows “ Having 
read in your publication that Guinea Fowls do not lay again in the nest 
from which their eggs are taken, unless replaced by others, you may be 
interested in know ing, that three years ago one of my sisters had a pair 
of Guinea Fowls, and that the hen laid an egg daily (with hardly an 
exception) for seventy days or more ; each day the nest was regularly 
visited, and the fresh egg taken away, only one egg during the whole 
time being left in the nest; the same plan has been pursued here last 
season and this, a change of nest being rarely the consequence.” 
New Fuchsias (T. F.). —The following are good new Fuchsias, such 
as w'ould suit your purpose Collegian (Banks); deep crimson tube; 
purple corolla. Dr. Lindley (Banks); glossy-crimson; tube and sepals 
dark purple ; corolla well reflexed. Glory (Banks); crimson tube ; sepals 
dark purple; corolla extra fine King Charming (Mayle); scarlet 
tube and corolla, purple corolla; fine shape. Model (Turner); crimson 
tube, deep purple corolla; well reflexed; a free bloomer. Premier 
(Henderson); tube and sepal rich crimson, plum-shade-colour; dark 
corolla. Hendersonii} crimson tube ; double, dark, almost black corolla; 
extra fine. Duchess of Lancaster (Henderson) ; tube and sepals pure 
white; deep rose corolla, with violet tinge ; well reflexed ; a fine variety. 
England's Glory (Harrison); tube and sepals white; crimson-lake 
