December 8. 
THE COTTAGE GARDENER. 
187 
contents. I did so; and on slitting up the windpipe so 
sent, I found six worms surrounded by a reddish, hut not 
particularly viscid “ mucus.” 
I had not made a special study of Helminthology, and 1 
was much engaged at the time, hut still I managed to 
dissect several of the worms, and to examine the principal 
organs, alimentary and reproductive. Fortunately, I do not 
think I was liable to mistake semi-organised “ shreds of 
membrane’' for “ Annelida ” of a tolerably complicated 
structure; and this, from the circumstance of having for the 
You will see that the worm was red in 
colour; the skin transversely striated; and 
that the creature was sufficiently transparent 
for its interior organisation to he very well 
distinguished even when it was looked at as 
an opaque object. Its length, as you will see, 
by the scale annexed to the drawing, is 
about three-quarters-of-an-ineb, and though 
much of the original transparency is now 
lost from the action of the spirit, I think 
you would say, if you saw the original and 
this sketch together, that I have given a 
conscientious and truo representation of what 
was before me. 
I confess that I see no difficulty in be¬ 
lieving that the presence of half-a-dozen of 
these creatures in the small windpipe of a 
chicken would he enough to cause suffo¬ 
cation, as would, also (doubtless), a false 
membrane, the result of inflammation. 
But, 1 do not come forward to argue that 
worms are the sole cause of “ gapes.” I do 
not even record an opinion, or the slightest 
vestige of a theory, but merely supply a fact 
which is called for, and as necessary, it would 
seem, as the presence of the corpse to the 
inquest which is to he held upon it. I 
would, however, deprecate exceedingly the 
mode of commencing a search after truth, 
by an utter negation of facts which I believe have been 
honestly and faithfully stated, and by the substitution ot 
matter to which the old observation is peculiarly apposite- 
last dozen years been familiar with the general anatomy 
ot Zoophytes and Annelida, in the prosecution of researches 
in physiology, aided by the best miscroscopes of Ross, 
Powell, Oberliauser, and Nachet. 
Under these circumstances, having mounted one of the 
worms in spirit (as a “preparation” for my cabinet), 1 
ventured to make a careful drawing of it, with the aid of 
the camera lucida, as I saw it, when magnified about thirty 
diameters, and this drawing I venture to forward to you 
with this communication. 
“ That which is true, is not new, and that which is new is 
not true.”— John Anthony, M.B., Canlab, Washwood, near 
Birmingham . 
CEDRUS DEODARA STANDING THE SMOKY 
ATMOSPHERE OF A TOWN. 
It was with fear and doubts, that four years ago I planted 
several of the above in my garden, which is about halt-a-mile 
from the centre of a large manufacturing town, feeling a 
rrreat apprehension that the smoke would destroy them, I 
am, however, happy to say, that such is not the case; they 
are indeed, doing better than almost any other evergreen m 
my’ garden. I thought, perhaps, some of your suburban 
subscribers, about to lay out their grounds, might be glad to 
know this, I therefore venture to send my own experience. 
I may also, add, that the Araucaria imbricata does equally 
well.—C ivis. 
THE COTTAGE GARDENER’S TONY. 
( Continued from Vol. x., page 471.) 
« The law of the road is a paradox quite, 
As you’re driving your carriage along ; 
If you keep to the left, you will keep to the right,— 
And when you go right—you go wrong.” 
Driving, like reading and writing, is supposed to come 
liy nature. No treatise on the subject ever yet lell into my 
hands, although more good horses are ruined by thought¬ 
less drivers than by hard work. . , . , , 
There is a tendency to pull harder with the light hand 
than the left, yet there is no safety unless the left rein, that 
which passes between the thumb and fore-finger of the 
bridle-hand, is kept constantly just on the stretch, while the 
ri„ht rein, threaded between the middle and the fore-finger, 
may be tightened or slackened occasionally by the right, or 
whip hand, in crossing the road, turning, or avoiding any 
object: hence those significant expressions—“ having him 
inder your thumb,” or “ having the whip-liand of lnm. A 
rery very slight reminder with the whip will reach pony s 
ittention when he is not keeping the (left) rein at stretch, 
>r when any occasion requires him to alter his course in 
ibedience to the (other) rein. A high-mettled steed, with 
i supersensitive mouth, and touchy skm, will resent ail 
such practical hints, and will be ready to “turn about, and 
vheel about, and jump Jim Crow," on the very slightest 
lotice, as my honourable and public-spirited friend, his 
naster. But our pony, true to his order, has a skin thick 
mough to prevent him from taking any offence when none 
is intended; so that you do not teaze him, nor ever use the 
whip without contriving to make the reason why clear to Ins 
lomprehension, he will soon learn to obey a good-humoured 
hint, or “ aid,” as it is called. It is in vain to expect extieme 
delicacy of mouth in a pony. , , . , 
Do not sit bolt upright in your seat, holding tight by both 
reins, and keeping your nag at work by constant touclung- 
up. Going-up hill, it is better to encourage him with your 
voice than to flog hard, for fear lest, by a sudden rush, lie 
should injure his wind. When he starts aside, no moie ot a 
reminder should be administered than to make him go up 
to his bit and obey it. Always keep a strict watch upon the 
play of his ears. . „ . 
I generally use a snaffle, or drive from the ring of the 
curb • if there be occasion to have the reins attached lower 
down on the bar, I use a leather strap instead ot a curb 
chain. Haring great confidence in the excellent fore legs 
and feet of my nag, I generally let him have his head, and 
walk freely at first on descending hills, not letting him bear 
in hand until he either begins to pick his way, or till he 
finds it uneasy to hold back the carriage without going 
faster. Hard-driving down hill, with a light cart, may bring 
you a little sooner to the end of your journey, but it is at 
