286 
THE COTTAGE GARDENER. 
January 12. 
the upmost ami foreright buds in the right direction. The 
second year's pruning and growth so far forms the strongest 
of the trees, that they are prepared to be removed to the 
position in the ground or garden they are intended to 
occupy; and as the principal part of the stocks are grown 
from cuttings, the great disadvantage of strong roots is, 
and has been, obviated by this means of preparing the 
stocks, so that the transplanting is attended with very little 
trouble, and the replanting is rendered equally easy. In 
the planting, should the ground be moist and rich, I plant 
the trees at the same depth as they were previously planted 
and had grown in the quarter; but if, on the other hand, 
it is rather dry, I plant a little deeper, as I find they do 
better by being so planted, and roots often proceed from 
the Pear wood as well as from the Quince. I find old lime- 
rubbish and cinder-ashes to be excellent materials for 
dressing the surface with, as they induce the stock to 
throw out a large quantity of fibrous roots, and they are 
the alimentary and nutritive organs of the tree, in the fruit¬ 
bearing state, during many after years. I generally prune 
the roots previously to planting, cutting under, and mixing a 
small proportion of well rotted manure with the soil in the 
planting, more particularly so if the ground has not been 
previously prepared by trenching, &c. 
The trees being planted either in rows at ten feet apart 
either way, over a piece of ground, or round the quarters 
of a vegetable garden (the usual plan), it is desirable to 
get as much growth as possible from them during the first 
two or three years by judicious pruning. This is easily 
effected; the wood being vigorous, you have only to adopt 
the plan which is most applicable to your situation, and 
train the trees accordingly, either as espaliers in the per¬ 
pendicular and horizontal style of training (by far the best 
plan for Pears, either in this way or on walls, as it throws 
them into early and productive hearing), or as pyrimidal 
trees, or as dwarf standard, or Quenouille trees, or as 
standard, or standard-trained trees, run up on their 
own wood; in the practice of either of which plans I 
prune with care until the tree is formed, shortening all 
the shoots, so as to form fruiting spurs, with the exception 
of the leading and such shoots as are required to make and 
maintain the formation and appearance of the tree, which 
are pruned from nine to twelve inches long. The trees 
grow spontaneously, and produce abuudant crops, which are 
valuable in these islands as articles of sale,—one hundred 
Chaumontelle Pear-fruit, weighing one hundred pounds 
weight, readily realizing the handsome sum of £5. It is 
not unusual to see them so fine; most gardens here pro¬ 
duce some such fme fruit, and I once saw a Pear of this 
particular sort which weighed twenty-three ounces. Smaller 
fruit of the same sort realize lower but almost propor¬ 
tionate prices, according to their weight and appearance. 
The other sorts of Pears, being some of them smaller, and 
produced in much larger quantities, besides being ready 
for sale when there are larger collections of fruit in the 
market, are sold at much lower prices, but, nevertheless, 
make a good return. 
The period of the tree’s duration in a productive state 
is from twenty to twenty-five years, requiring to be often 
renewed after that period ; for, having produced quantities 
of fruit during the preceeding years, and the wood having 
been constantly spurred back, has become more or less 
deteriorated. The roots may also be decayed, or have, pos¬ 
sibly, got into the cold subsoil, which is not suitable for 
them. Whichever may be the case, they will, if they have 
received one-third of the care it is necessary to bestow .on 
free stocks, and have thriven under it, he in no way in¬ 
debted to their owners, and should he gruhbed-out, to be 
replaced by young trees. 
Thus the greatest of all advantages attending growing 
Pear-trees on Quince stocks are—early and great produc¬ 
tiveness ; whilst they occupy so small a space of ground 
that they soon pay for themselves and the space they 
occupy, besides handing a handsome per centage over to 
their owners for the little trouble and care necessary to 
keep them in order. Who would grow Pears on free (Pear 
stocks) in preference to Quince, when such results may and 
are realised? My reasoning powers induce me to think, 
“ that to grow Pear-trees in such a way as to last a short 
and useful space of time, is far better than to take the 
chance of growing fruit for futurity;” the risk run in 
growing them on the free stock. 
I subjoin a list of a few of the best and most free-growing 
varieties, with the periods of the fruit’s maturity, which, of 
course, varies a little according to the seasons, and trust 
the foregoing article may be interesting and instructive to 
some of your readers, as well as assist in settling an un¬ 
settled question, as wherever a Quince-tree will grow, a 
Pear-tree may be grown on a Quince stock. 
NAME. 
Citron des Cannes 
STYLE OF 
GROWTH. 
Free 
PERIOD OK 
MATURING FRUIT. 
July to August 
Windsor 
Very Strong 
August 
Jargonelle . 
Free 
August 
William’s Bon Chretien 
Very Strong 
September 
Beurree d’ Amaulis . 
Very Strong 
Sept, to Oct. 
Gracioli 
Strong 
October 
Louise Bonne of Jersey 
Very Free 
October 
Brown Beurree . 
Free 
October 
Marie Louise 
Indifferently 
Free 
October 
Duchcsse d’ Angofdeme 
Oct. to Nov. 
Duchesse d’ Orleans . 
Strong 
Oct. to Nov. 
Miel de Waterloo 
Free 
Oct. to Nov. 
♦Cressanne. . 
Free 
Oct. to Nov. 
Beurree Diel, or Royal 
Very Strong 
Nov. to Dec. 
Napoleon, or Charles d’Autriches 
Free 
Nov. to Dec. 
Glout Morceau . 
Strong 
Nov. to Jan. 
Colmar d’ Aremberg . 
Strong 
December 
♦Colmar 
Free 
Nov. to Dec. 
♦Passe Colmar . 
Free 
Dec. to Jan. 
Chaumontelle 
Free 
Dec. to Jan. 
Knight’s Monarch . 
Free 
Nov. to Jan. 
Winter Nelis . . 
Free 
Dec. to Jan. 
Beurree Durfom 
Strong 
Jan. to Feb. 
Beurree Ranee . 
Strong 
Jan. to March 
Easter Beurree, or Bergamot de 
la Pentecote . . . 
Indifferent 
March to May. 
Uvedale’s St. Germain, 
de Jersey . 
or Belle 
Strong 
Baking or stewing 
Gilogil » , 
Strong 
Ditto ditto 
Of the twenty-seven varieties here enumerated, which are 
all of the best and most useful descriptions in their seasons, 
there are but two which do not thrive luxuriantly on the 
Quince stock. The varieties marked with an asterisk require 
a wall: an eastern or a western aspect suits them well. 
Many of the other varieties produce finer fruit when placed 
against walls, but they do not absolutely require it.—C. B. 
Saunders, Casarean Nursery, Jersey. 
THE POUTER PIGEON. 
With regard to the English Pouter, I believe no fancier 
ever saw the crop too large, provided it was of the right 
shape, viz., globular; although large, it is, nevertheless, 
neat. A large crop, slack-winded, is a great fault; fanciers 
do not strive to get huge crops in shape like three-cornered- 
cocked hats ; but if they can get them round, they care not 
how huge they are called, particularly if it has a bib which 
marks it in the shape of a half-moon, well known to ianciers. 
What fancier ever saw a Pouter with too slender a girth ? 
Unfortunately, in some measure, this grand property is lost; 
fanciers complaining that they have to take both hands to 
them, whereas formerly, comparatively speaking, to use an 
old term, the girth would pass through a “ wedding ring.” 
The Touter fanciers arc exerting their utmost to restore it, 
so that the Pouter may appear like a “ Tumbler ” in hand. 
The smaller the girth, greater is the contrast given to the 
beautiful shape of the whole bird. 
Above all, what fancier ever saw an English Pouter too 
long in the legs ? It is possible a Touter may fall short of 
length of body, or feather, hut it is utterly impossible to 
breed a Pouter with legs too long ; the best Pouter fanciers 
that ever lived have tried at it. Moore, in 1735, says, length 
of leg, seven inches. Mayor, in 1765, length of leg, some 
of them wanting a mere trifle of seven inchcs-and-a-quarter. 
In our day, “ talk is cheap,” and we hear of Pouters seven 
inches-and-a-half in legs. It is one thing to hear and 
another thing to see. I believe Pouter fanciers will think 
that I am going too far when I say it is possible, but very 
improbable, that in England a Touter might be found that 
would measure seven-and-a-half inches in the leg; at the 
same time, I do not believe, in a thousand years they will 
breed one eight inches in length of leg; even if it was 
