310 
THE COTTAGE GARDENER. 
January ]9. 
spreading the weed out to dry. They use a rake, or three¬ 
pronged pitchfork, and a wheelbarrow, in which it is carried 
above high-water mark to be dried. This is the universal 
fuel of the country; and it makes a hot, if not a cheerful 
fire. Coal is scarcely used at all, and only a very small 
quantity of wood along with the vraic, and this even not 
universally. On feast days, only, and family gatherings, a 
coal fire is lighted in the best parlour." 
ORDER 9.—CORALLINACEA5. 
“ Rigid, articulated, or crustaceous, mostly calcareous Sea 
Weeds, purple when recent, fading on exposure to milk- 
white, composed of closely-packed elongated cells or fila¬ 
ments, in which carbonate of lime is deposited in an or¬ 
ganised form.”— Harvey. 
Formerly these alga; were thought to be zoophytes, but 
there is now no doubt that they are vegetables. This may 
he ascertained in a powerful acid, when the lime will be 
removed, and the vegetable substance he disclosed. 
1. CoitALLiNA officinalis (Commercial).—Very common 
on all our shores, from two to six inches high, fringing the 
edges of tide pools, where it affords a snug lurking-place 
for young crabs, &c. 
2. C. elongata (Lengthened).—“The lateral shoots of 
the branches slender and subulate, with long cylindrical 
articulations.”— Johnst. 
3. C. sqttamata (Scaly).—On rocks in the south of 
England. 
2. JANIA. 
“Frond slender, branched in a dichotomous manner, the 
joints cylindrical, the crust calcareous unporous, the axis 
subcartaliginous, solid, constructed at intervals correspond¬ 
ing to the articulations of the crust. Capsular swellings 
produced in the axis of the branches containing granules. 
Name from Janira, one of the Nereides.”— Johnston. 
1. Jania rubens (Ruddy).—Parasitical on small marine 
plants; common, very bushy indeed, and tufted. Some 
specimens which I have from Jaffa are so thickly clustered 
that they look like a little dog’s paw. 
2. J. corniculata (Small-horned).—Like J. rubens, form¬ 
ing thick tufts, hut the articulations of the branches are 
different. Sub-order, 2. Nulliporese. Frond crustaceous, or 
foliaceous, opaque, not articulated. 
3. MELOBESIA. 
“Name from one of the sea nymphs of Hesiod.” 
1. M. polymori>ha (Yarious-formed).—“Frond attached 
to rocks, thick, stony, encrusting, or rising into short clumsy 
branches.”— Harvey. 
2. M. calcarea (Chalky).—“ On many parts of the coast 
this plant forms vast beds, extending for miles in submarine 
strata, and is advantageously used as manure on soils 
requiring the addition of lime.”— Harvey. 
3. M. fasciculata (Brindled).—“At the bottom of the 
sea.” 
4. M. agariciformis (Mushroom-shaped).—“Frond un¬ 
attached, globular, hollow. On the bottom of quiet hays.”— 
Harvey. 
5. M. lichenoides (Lichen-like).—Of a pale colour, and, 
as its name denotes, resembling a Lichen. There are 
several minute species, of which I shall only give the names. 
M. membranacea (Skinny). 
M. eabinosa (Floury). 
M. verrucata (Warted). 
M. pustulata (Pimpled). 
Professor Harvey says that the question still remains, 
| whether Melobesire are independent vegetables, or whether 
1 they he merely amorphous states of the common Gorallina 
i officinalis. This latter is the view advocated by Dr. Johnston. 
4. HILDENBRANDTIA. 
1. ILildenbrandtia rubra (Red).—“On smooth stones 
and pebbles between tide marks, and in deep water. Colour 
1 variable—now a blight, now a dull red.”— Harvey. 
“ The corallines are found in all parts of the ocean, hut 
are much more numerous in warm than in cold countries, 
and some of the species of the tropical and sub-tropical 
ocean are among the most beautiful of marine vegetables."— 
Harvey. S. B. 
(To be continued.) 
BAIN THAT FELL AT MIDDLETON, NEAB 
EEVEBLEY, in the year 1853. 
Inches. 
January. 2.50 
February . 1.82 
March. 1.75 
April . 1.18 
May . 1.47 
June . 2.89 
July. 3.02 
August . 1.82 
September. 1.53 
October . 3.2G 
November. 2.04 
December . 1.14 
Inches. 24.42 
1850 . 24.92 
1851 . 23.07 
1852 . 34.76 
—Rob. Denison, Waplingtun Manor, Pocklinyton, Yorkshire. 
DISEASES OF POULTRY. 
BUMBLE FEET IN DORKINGS. 
Having had recently occasion to kill some Dorkings affected 
with this disease, I took the opportunity of submitting the 
feet to careful microscopical examination (with the aid of 
a gentleman well known for his researches in minute patho¬ 
logical anatomy). As the result of our examination of the 
disease, in various stages, I may state, that it appears to take 
its rise in the true skin (viz., the cutis), which is exceedingly 
thick under the sole of the foot; the first symptom of its 
occurrence is the presence of a small warty tumour, which 
appears externally ; this gradually extends, and a deep-seated 
enlargement appears; at the same time, the latter continues 
to increase, and when it attains a considerable size ulcera¬ 
tion takes place, and the scurf skin (or cuticle) covering it 
is loosened ; at the same time a peculiar and offensive odour 
results from the ulceration of the tumour. It is hardly neces¬ 
sary to remark that the bird becomes lame, and, if one side 
is affected, rests the foot as much as possible. 
On examining the substance of the tumour under the 
microscope, it was found to be totally destitute of blood¬ 
vessels and nerves, and to he, in fact, a mass of dead inor- 
ganized matter, situated between the true skin and the ten- 
donous parts of the foot. 
The remedy that would naturally suggest itself for this 
examination would be the removal of the diseased growth ; 
but I have found, on attempting this operation subsequently, 
that there are two serious objections to this practice—cutting 
into the skin around the diseased growth is attended with 
great loss of blood, the flow of which is checked with diffi¬ 
culty ; and the removal of the tumour cannot be effected 
without exposing to so great a degree the tendonous struc¬ 
tures of the foot, that a recovery can scarcely be expected, 
especially as there is a low stage of vitality in these parts 
very unfavourable to recovery after injury. 
This examination confirms my previous views of the cause 
ofthis troublesome complaint, namely, that it is produced 
by pressure and concussion. Cocks, therefore, are more sub¬ 
ject to it than hens from their greater weight; and birds 
that roost on high, narrow perches, are much more liable to 
the disease than those than are obliged to rest on broad and 
low ones. 
Another evil arising from high perches for heavy birds is, 
that they frequently break the keel of the breast bono by 
the violence with which they descend on to the ground. I 
killed a Dorking hen, a short time since, in which the breast 
bone was extensively fractured in this way; and another 
was under my care, in which I had to remove a large portion 
of dead bone that had been destroyed in this manner; and 
I think it very probable that the violence of the shock may 
severely injure some of the more important internal organs, 
especially during such time as the hens are laying. 
In conclusion, I can, from practice as well as theory, re- 
