March 2 . 
THE COTTAGE GARDENER. 
425 
to his garden so long before it is wanted; the trees 
must, ot course, be trained to sticks thrust in the ground 
in the mean time; but observe, I do not advocate the 
i last measure on any other account than that of saving 
ihe Trellis work, which, by being placed in its position 
some two or three years before wanted, naturally dimi- 
| nishes its working capabilities the like time. 
It seldom happens that the direction of the Trellis can 
be commanded, as it forms a feature in a garden when 
it is carried in all directions; but it will be found that 
those running north and south will be the most useful, 
as by that both sides enjoy an equal amount of sun¬ 
shine ; this benefit is known to the husbandman as well 
as the gardener; for in some districts, where it is cus- 
I tomary to shock all the corn, they are made so as to 
point to the one o’clock sun, the attentive agriculturist 
Laving found that to be about the middle of the “har¬ 
vest day ; ’ and so accurately is this accomplished, that 
in walking over several fields it is seldom that a de¬ 
parture is found from so good a rule. Now, why not fruit- 
trees benefit as well as corn from an exposure on two 
sides ? consequently, it would be prudent to have trel¬ 
lises covered with fruit-trees, and rows of vegetables, 
especially peas, scarlet runners, &c., planted in such a 
way as to command these conditions. 
1 will not here dwell on the kinds of trees proper to 
plant, but will say, that where tender Pears, Plums, &c., 
are so trained, they are more easily protected when in 
bloom than when planted or grown in any other wav, 
as any little sheltering substance thrown over the top is 
usually sufficient to protect the whole tree ; and at such 
times it is highly advisable to use such a covering as a 
few mats, an old sheet, or, in fact, anything that can be 
obtained. 
We now come to “ the Fancy Trellis,” of which there 
are several varieties; one, a very common one, being a 
sort of continuous arch, or vault, with a walk under¬ 
neath ; this is very well in some cases, but it is more 
curious than pretty in long lengths. This is generally 
composed of iron or wire-work, and to look well ought 
to be well covered with trees. It has been argued, that 
by the trees covering so large a space as the arch, a 
greater quantity of fruit must be obtained than by trees 
planted and trained the ordinary way; but then it is to 
be remembered, that those trees have only one side, 
whereas those planted against an upright Trellis bear 
on both sides, generally; and the exposure of bloom, in 
such a position, to the spring frosts and other inclemen¬ 
cies, is greater than that from trees growing in any other 
way. However, it has its admirers, and may, possibly, 
be a prudent appendage in’some gardens. 
Many years ago, I had the management of a Trellis 
which took my fancy more than any that I have seen 
since; it was somewhat like one-half of an arch, the 
walk by the side of it being much lower than the adjoin¬ 
ing ground where the trees were planted, a wall 
formed one verge, and along the top of this wall 
iron supports were inserted, at intervals, to support the 
iron frame-work of this Trellis, which, rising on the 
border, projected a considerable way over the wall, 
having plenty of head room. Of course, these iron 
supports had the whole weight to carry, but being 
placed perpendicularly they had no difficulty in doing 
so, and the whole presented a pleasing appearance. 
'1 ho top of the wall, instead of having an ornamental 
coping, was covered with the pretty British plant Sedum 
acre (or stone crop!, which deserves more attention than 
it often gets. This Trellis, I may add, answered the pur¬ 
pose very well, while its adoption in a hilly garden was 
not only appropriate but highly ornamental. 
There are other forms in which the same thing may be 
effected, as the Table Trellis, which is a frame-work,fiat, 
or nearly so, and often but little elevated; this is often 
placed where it is advisable to train the trees in the opposite 
way to the last-named, with their heads up the hill side, 
whereras, the other being planted on the hill curved from 
it, covering, or partly covering, a walk on a lower level. 
It is needless here to mention the fanciful figures that 
are now and then introduced into the gardens of the 
curious, some of them are constrained to take grotesque 
shapes, with little to recommend them but their sin¬ 
gularity, as, for instance, upright cylinders, with the 
trees trained spirally around them; fantastic globes, 
semi-globes, or other figures approaching thereto, have 
all their admirers; but as these are detached figures, 
rather than a continuous trained object, I must dis¬ 
miss them, and in winding up this article on Trellises, 
would beg to remind our young friends of the Rasp¬ 
berry Trellis, which, by its simplicity, may with pro¬ 
priety be adopted everywhere to advantage, as it 
need only consist of three horizontal rails, with posts 
where wanted, and the canes, being tied to such rails, 
will bear fruit of better quality than when huddled 
together all to one stake in the usual manner. Other 
things might be similarly treated, but Rasps are the 
most benefited by it. Another description of Trellis 
is also often turned to good account, which is one 
placed on the roof of a house on which a Vine or some 
other fruit-tree is trained. This, however, is only 
applicable in certain cases, but where it is, a single 
year’s trial will soon prove how much better the Grapes 
ripen on the roof facing the mid-day’s sun than on the 
ordinary wall having that aspect; but this subject having 
been already treated of in The Cottage Gardener need 
not be repeated here. J. Robson. 
ECONOMY OF THE FARM-YARD. 
The economy of the Farm-yard must, certainly, be 
considered as a subject of the highest importance in 
connection with agriculture, for under this head has to 
be noted the method of managing the manure, both as 
regards its quantity as well as quality, and the main- 
tainance of the fertility of the land must, in a great 
measure, depend upon the extent and the value of the 
home-made manure; for although, by the application of 
capital in the purchase of artificial manures, the land 
may be made to produce crops greatly in excess of the 
ordinary modes of management, yet the method of 
manufacturing manures in the farm-steading is now 
become part and parcel of the best systems of feeding, 
and may be considered scientifically in conjunction 
with the feeding of animals. In almost every portion 
of the kingdom great improvement in the farm-build¬ 
ings have been recently effected, yet much remains to 
be done in different parts of the country, and in many 
instances, where improvements have been attempted, 
they cannot be considered much more than mere altera¬ 
tions ; for some of the most essential changes required 
for the making and preservation of Farm-yard manure, 
have been but too often entirely neglected. 
There is a mode of proceeding, on the part of many 
occupiers of land, which is highly blameable; they do 
not, in many instances, avail themselves of the ad¬ 
vantage of good yards and buildings, for the conversion 
of their straw, fodder, &c., into manure of the best 
quality. 
I have often noticed, upon large corn - producing 
farms, immense quantities of straw lying about in a 
