March 9. 
THE COTTAGE GARDENER. 
447 
and cover the holes with pieces of stout wood, large enough 
to overlap the holes on all sides ; warmth assists the coming 
forward of the brood, 
6. Weigh your hives; if the net weight (that is, the 
weight after allowing for the weight of the hives and floor¬ 
boards,) be less than 12 lbs., feed a little. 
b. Change your floor-boards at this weighing; they will, 
by this time, have very likely become damp and dirty, 
particularly where condensing has not been attended to. In 
changing floor-boards, always carefully look for and destroy 
the small grubs which fix themselves at the junction of the 
hives and floor-boards. 
b. If no water is near, supply some; the bees require it to 
moisten the pollen wherewith they feed the brood. 
As the weather warms, and the bees begin to crowd in 
coming out, the entrances must be widened; should the 
weather change and set in cold they should be again 
contracted. 
Look out for and destroy queen wasps; all wasps now 
about (or rather, that will be about before long), are queens, 
and the would-be mothers of thousands ; kill them all, for 
wasps are amongst the worst enemies of bees. 
Keep everything about the hives trim and clean, rout up 
ants nests, brash away spiders, watch for, catch, and kill, all 
moths, slugs, and other vermin ; these directions should be 
attended to all the year round. 
Aran,.—The directions given for last month apply equally 
to this, except as to the floor-boards, which need not again 
be changed. 
The chief danger to be feared now is want of food; the 
supply obtained by the bees is still scanty, whilst the 
consumption day by day increases, and many hives that have 
lived through the winter perish now for the want of a little 
attention; if the bees in one hive be idle, whilst those in 
others are all busy, feeding should be at once attended to; 
idleness, and hanging about the entrance, are frequently 
attributable to weakness from scarcity of food. 
e. Send hives to the bee-keepers from whom you are 
about to buy, or otherwise obtain, fresh swarms, that all may 
ready. Before doing so, singe off all rough straws from the 
inside; they only hinder the bees in their work. 
Stock-hives may be bought as late as the end of the month, 
provided they be moved from a distance of three or four 
miles. This is, perhaps, the safest time to buy stocks,as all 
fear of their perishing is now at an end. Care should be 
taken, in buying stocks, to select prime swarms of the last 
summer : they may be known by the combs being lighter in 
colour than older stocks. It will be prudent (unless you 
can trust the man from whom you are about to buy) to 
seek the advice of some experienced friend in making a 
purchase. 
(To be continued.) 
SEA WEEDS. 
(Continuedfrom page 386.) 
4. GRACILLARIA. Grev. 
Frond filiform or rarely flat, fleshy-cartilaginous, con¬ 
tinuous ; cellular, the central cells large, empty, or full of 
granular matter ; those of the surface minute, forming 
densely packed horizontal filaments. Fructification 1. con¬ 
vex tubercles (coccidia), having a thick pericarp composed 
of radiating filaments, containing a mass of minute spores; 
2. tetraspores imbedded in the cells of the surface. Name 
signifying slender. — Harvey. 
1. Gracillaria mut.tipartita (Much-divided)—A rare 
and handsome weed, found on our southern shores, very 
like some of the Rhodymenia in appearance. From four 
to twelve inches high. Colour a rather deep dull puce or 
purple. 
2. G. compressa (Flattened').—“Very rare, and thrown 
up from deep water ;” sometimes growing on coral. It has 
been found by Mrs. Griffiths, at Sidmoutli; Mrs. Gulson, at 
Exmoutli; and Miss Turner, in Jersey. When fresh the 
substance is very tender, but becomes tough in drying. 
Colour dull red. Frond from six to twelve inches long. 
3. G. CONFERVOIDES (Conferva-like).—Not uncommon; 
growing on rocks in the sea. More than a foot and a half 
in length. Colour deep red, and substance cartilaginous; 
and it does not adhere to paper on drying. The plant may 
be distinguished by its tubercles, which are large. 
4. G. erecta (Upright).—On sandy rocks near low water; 
bearing fruit in winter. Fronds numerous; one or two 
inches high; of a red colour. Very rare. 
ORDER 12.—CRYPTONEMIACEJL 
“ Purplish or rose-red sea weeds, with a filiform or (rarely) 
expanded, gelatinous or cartilaginous frond, composed, 
wholly or in part, of cylindrical cells connected together 
into filaments. Axis formed of vertical, periphery of hori¬ 
zontally radiating filaments. Fructification 1. conceptacles 
(favellidia) globose masses of spores immersed in the | 
frond or in swellings of the branches. 2. tetraspores vari- | 
ously dispersed.”— Harvey. 
Genera of the Cryptonemiacf.je. 
1. Gratoloupia. 
12. Ginuunia. 
2. Gelidium. 
13. Ivalymeuia. 
3. Gigartina. 
14. Tridma. 
4. Chondrus. 
15. Catenella. 
5. Rliyllophora. 
10. Cruoria. 
6. Peyssouelia. 
17. Naccaria. 
7. Gymnogongrus. 
18. Gloiosiphonia. 
8. Polyides. 
19. Nemaleon. 
9. Furcellaria. 
20. Dudresnaia. 
10. Dumontia. 
21. Crouania. 
11. Halymenia. 
1. GRATELOUPIA. 
Name in honour of Dr. Grateloup, a French algologist. 
“ Frond flat, pinnate solid, and dense in structure.” 
1. G. filicina (Thread-like).—Very rare; growing on 
rocks and stones in the sea. Colour dull purple, sometimes 
greenish. Fronds of British plants seldom more than two 
inches high. In appearance very like Gelidium coraceum. 
2. GELIDIUM. 
“ Frond, between cartilaginous and corneous, piano-com¬ 
pressed. distichously branched, branches pinnate or bi-piu- 
nate, pinna; spreading or horizontal, obtuse capsules spheri¬ 
cal, immersed in the extremities of the ramuli.”— Greville. 
1. Gelidium coraceum (Horny).—In rocky pools, and on 
rocks in the sea ; very common. A most variable plant, so 
that Dr. Greville, in his “Algie Britanicse,” enumerates 
twelve varieties. 
2. G. cartilagineum (Gristle-like).—“A very doubtful 
native.” 
3. GIGARTINA.— Lamocer. 
Frond cartilaginous, filiforam (irregularly divided) 
purple, or deep red; fructification of two kinds: 1, exter¬ 
nal tubercles; 2, tetraspores scattered through the sur¬ 
face of the frond.” 
1. Gigartina pistillata (Distilled).—Growing on rocks 
near low water mark ; very rare; “ coast of Cornwall and 
Jersey.” Dr. Landsborough, in his “ British Sea Weeds,” 
says, “ It is a remarkable plant; the tubercles are large; 
generally near the point of the branch, which projects like 
a horn,-the colour is a dull purplish or brownish-red; it 
does not adhere to paper.” 
2. G. acicularis (Needle-like).—Rather like the pre- 
ceeding, but not so stout; of a dull purple, becoming pink 
in fresh water ; rare in the south of England. I have had 
specimens from Jaffa. 
5. G. Teedii (Teed’s).—“ Frond membranaceous, flaccid 
(horny when dry), flat, lineal-, repeatedly pinnated with 
slender, horizontal, distichous, subulate ramuli; capsules 
globose, on the ramuli.”— Greville. On rocks; very rare; 
fronds from two to five inches high. 
4. G. mamillosus (Nippled).—On rocks in the sea near 
low-water mark; common fronds from three to six inches 
long, cartilaginous; the capsules on little stalks, scattered 
all over the frond ; colour dark purple. Sometimes used in 
the same way as the Carrigeen or Irish Moss. 
4. CHONDRUS. 
Frond cartilaginous, dilating upwards into a flat, nerve- 
