I 
COUNTRY GENTLEMAN’S COMPANION. 
85 
Artub 29. 
seemed still to promise him many long and happy years, i 
M. Pescatore was much esteemed by all who had the happi- I 
ness of knowing him. He possessed a remarkable taste for 
the beautiful in art and nature. Among plants, he admired 
those having the most graceful habit or foliage, and the 
richest, chastest colours. He had formed one of the most 
extensive collections of Orchids known in this quarter. The 
Pescatorea, an album of singular beauLy in point of execu¬ 
tion, was published at his expense, under the direction of 
MM. Linden and Luddemann; the latter was M. Pescatore’s 
Chef des Culture. But among all the riches of art and 
nature, which he collected at great expense to embellish his 
i house and grounds, M. Pescatore was always simple and 
affable in his intercourse with gardeners. 
! His remains were followed to the grave by the whole 
j population of the place, and a funeral oration, as is the 
custom here, was delivered by M. Bernard, of Bonnes, in 
the name of the different Societies of which M. Pescatore 
was a member. 
We continue to have beautiful weather, though the wind 
is cold. On the 13th, it snowed all day, and I do not recol¬ 
lect seeing larger flakes, even in the Highlands. The 14th 
was also snowy. But since the memorable 10th, which was 
ushered in with 101 guns, it has been flue, and the plant 
| and flower markets are at present, as they have been for 
two weeks, at least, in wonderful activity.—P. F. Kelr. 
THE SUBURBAN VILLA AND COUNTRY 
RESIDENCE. 
(Continued from page 18.) 
no. xv. 
THE PARK.—THE PADDOCK. 
Undek those heads I include those parts of an estate which 
are in immediate connection with, or which are intended to 
be seen from, the pleasure and flower-gardens, or from the 
private road to the house. They may consist merely of an 
acre or two, as the paddock of a suburban residence, or con¬ 
tain many acres as the park of a large villa. In either case, 
such grounds are laid down in grass, and occasionally grazed 
by cattle. 
Without presenting that high degree of keeping so indis¬ 
pensable in the grounds immediately contiguous to a resi¬ 
dence, the aspect of those we are now considering should, 
nevertheless, be very far removed from the wildness of 
appearance peculiar to uncultivated nature; they should 
bear unmistakable evidence of being subject to the hand of 
man—the luxuriance of nature must be directed, and her 
wildness restrained; but the accomplishment of this need 
never detract from that cheerful style of picturesque beauty 
so appropriate in a well kept park. There should be the 
stamp of elegance—a polish, so to speak, upon the whole 
aspect of the scenery. The principal woods should be rich 
and massive, the minor groups of trees distributed and com¬ 
bined in the general whole, and the intervening lawns ample 
and undulating; and if water can bo introduced appropriately, 
every other beauty will be heightened ten-fold. And if to 
these are added those indispensable adjuncts to cheerful 
landscape scenery—cattle and sheep—little will remain to 
be desired. 
It cannot, however, be denied, that a nicely-arranged and 
well-kept park is the exception to the rule. Many of 
the items in the sum total of mismanagement, bcariug as 
they do on agriculture, I must refrain from noticing here, 
reserving for comment only such as relate to the scenery 
and general features. 
Among those, the carriage-drive is an important one. It 
is not often, at least when the park is of any extent, that it 
is otherwise than ill-kept and untidy in the superlative 
degree; and the subordinate roads are scarcely superior to 
the neighbouring lanes. Now, the principal entrance road 
should always be much superior, in every way, to the public 
road from which it branches. From the entrance-gate to 
the front-door of the residence it should be well defined in 
its outline and very neat in its appearance ; and not, as in 
the numerous instances one meets with, merely a line of 
gravel, covered with weeds and rubbish, objectionable in 
itself, and a disgrace to everything about it. Necessity 
demands a good road, and neatness should have it in keep¬ 
ing. As to the subordinate roads, which, even in a park of 
limited extent, are generally necessary—often indispensable 
—they should be sufficiently cared for to be readily distin¬ 
guished from mere cart roads leading from ono field to 
another on the farm. 
In alluding to the farm, it may be as well to observe here, 
that wherever a complete park-like aspect is to be preserved, 
land which is under the plough must never mingle in the 
scenery as seen from the house; for the park and the farm 
are, as regards scenery, entirely antagonistic, and can never 
be combined without destroying the most essential features 
of the former. Good arrangement and judicious planting 
will always isolate the farm from the park, at least from 
the principal points of view, and very much depends on 
this being effectually accomplished. 
The subject, however, which demands the principal share 
of attention in the park are the plantations, both with respect 
to their usefulness aud agreeable effect. The belt and the 
clump, from being merely useful and necessary aids in 
creating or embellishing the scenery of an estate, have come 
to be regarded, in a great measure, as the end rather than 
the means. In fact, their original uses seem to have been 
lost sight of altogether by many; and it is to this circum¬ 
stance alone that much of the ill arrangement one meets 
with in artificially-created scenery may be attributed. The 
origin of the clump and the belt, undoubtedly, may be pre¬ 
sumed to have arisen from the desire to facilitate the growth 
of certain trees, by affording shelter in planting others 
around them as nurses. For as the permanent trees be¬ 
came established, the nurses could be progressively removed; 
and as the effect intended to be produced became gradually 
apparent, all traces of the foster trees could be destroyed, 
and the masses, groups, and single trees composing the 
scenery alone remain. Such, in fact, is the result for which 
clumps and belts of trees should be employed. They must 
never be considered as objects for attainment in themselves; 
though misapprehension of their legitimate uses, or indif¬ 
ference or neglect may have, in numberless instances, al¬ 
lowed them to remain as blots upon the landscape till no art 
can effect in them any change for the better. 
Let us endeavour to ascertain the means by which the 
landscape gardener renders these very useful aids subser¬ 
vient to his purpose. 
We will suppose it to be found necessary to plant in a 
given locality, both for concealment aud ornament, and that 
the artist (for in this case he should bo one, aud something 
more) under whose directions it is to be effected has made 
himself acquainted, ns far as possible, with what is to be 
accomplished, the nature of the soil, and other local pecu¬ 
liarities of the situation, which are likely to influence bis 
labours. Having decided upon the kinds of trees to be 
employed, he will mentally arrange them in groups aud 
masses, which will at once combine to form pleasiug pictures, 
and effect the concealment aimed at. In fact, he will realize 
in imagination the wislied-for results of his labours, and 
then, at least so far as the materials are concerned will 
enable him, he will endeavour to accomplish them in reality. 
And he will, perhaps, for bis own guidance, as well as for the 
gratification of his employer, give a tangible form on paper 
to tliese pictures which he hopes to produce in more en¬ 
during materials. Now, having, of course, a full knowledge 
of the capabilities of the trees he is about to employ, he 
directs certain spaces of ground to be prepared in a proper 
manner, nnd in such forms as will most conveniently admit 
of the erection of fences for the protection of the young 
trees. Here he will not only plant those which alone are 
ultimately to remain, but he will introduce others amongst 
them as nurses, to be, however, removed whenever they 
encroach upon or impede the progress of the legitimate 
occupants. 
Now, it is evident that plantations made upon such prin¬ 
ciples will,for some years, at least, require constant attention, 
either under tbe immediate direction of their original de¬ 
signer, or from some one perfectly acquainted with his 
views, or the effects intended to be produced can never be 
perfectly realized; and judging from the many overgrown 
and shapeless clumps and meagre belts of trees one meets 
with in all parts of the country, those effects very rarely arc 
