THE COTTAGE GARDENER AND COUNTRY GENTLEMAN’S COMPANION. —August .20, 1830. 
.•>,87 
GENERAL NOTES FOR SEPTEMBER. 
Fig. 1. A plan of the boiler. 2. A perpendicular section through A, B. 
3. The same through C, 1). 
This season lias been most favourable for 
gardening operations. Potatoes and other 
crops are coming off so early, on account of 
the hot summer weather we have had, that 
the .very useful and necessary operations of 
manuring and trenching may be carried on 
at every favourable opportunity. To dig only 
one spit deep is not sufficient for ground 
intended for vegetable cropping; the roots 
range a long way in search of food, and even 
if the soil is shallow, and the subsoil ungenial, 
the bottom of the trench could he broken up 
and manured, and the top soil kept on the 
surface. No time should be lost in getting the crop of 
Onions stored when fully dry. As the ground from which 
they are taken is generally used for Cabbages, it should be 
immediately trenched up; if manure is necessary it should 
be laid on the top of the trenched soil and forked in. If, 
however, the ground was well manured for the Onions, it 
will be unnecessary to do so, for, if much manure comes in 
contact with the roots in the autumn, it induces a succulent, 
luxuriant growth, which renders the Cabbages more liable 
to injury from alternations of frost and thaw in the winter. 
The advantages of deep digging, trenching, and mulching, 
were very perceptible this season in places that had not had 
a good soaking of rain for months. 
The principal crop of spring Cabbage should now be 
planted. The plants in the beds sown last month to be 
pricked out into beds a few inches apart as soon as they 
have expanded their rough leaves. The Spinach to stand 
the winter to be thinned to six inches, plant from plant. 
Endive may now be planted in some sheltered comer, to 
be covered in severe weather with fern or any dry litter. 
All dead or decaying leaves of Brussels Sprouts, Brocoli, 
and other such crops, should be gathered and thrown to the 
dung-heap, and Celery be carefully earthed up as it may 
require it, and supplied with an abundance of water in dry 
weather. The best practice is to tie each plant up loosely 
with matting, having previously removed the suckers and 
small leaves, and then a little earth can be added every 
week as the plant increases in height. It should also be 
allowed to grow to a considerable size before earthing up, 
and be frequently soaked with water, as but little rain will 
reach the roots afterwards ; it should likewise never be 
touched when the plants are at all wet. 
To prolong the beauty of flowers this fine season to the 
latest period, it is necessary to remove decayed flower-stems, 
weeds, dead leaves, or anything that mars the effect, which 
should be as cheerful as possible even at the approaching 
dull season of winter. Continue to plant out Pinks, Carna¬ 
tions, and rooted cuttings of herbaceous plants. The plants 
already established in beds should be kept in a state of 
health and vigour by stirring the surface of the soil. 
A few hints on taking ojf the layers of Carnations and 
Picotees may be acceptable. Having removed the layer 
peg which fastens the young plant, take the neck between 
the finger and thumb of the left hand, at the same time 
runuiug a fiat piece of wood, shaped like the handle of a 
budding-knife, into the ground with the right hand, and 
prizing up the layer with a portion of soil to observe if it is 
properly rooted, and if so, cut it with a sharp knife from 
the parent plant, with about an inch of the old stem that 
connects it. When putting them into 60 sized pots place 
a piece of potsherd over the hole at bottom, then a layer of 
small broken crocks and the rough parts of old lime-rubbish 
mixed, about an inch in thickness; when the pot is half- 
filled with compost the layer is placed in the centre, spread¬ 
ing out tbe roots; then fill up with compost, fix each plant 
in an erect position by pressing it round the neck with both 
thumbs, give the pot a firm strike on the bench to settle 
the soil, and be sure that no part of the foliage is buried. 
When potted to be watered and placed in a close frame in 
coal-ashes for a fortnight; after that to be shaded from 
the midday sun, with plenty of air in the morning, by draw¬ 
ing the lights quite off the frames; and during the remainder 
of the day to be closed, with a little ah' left ou. 
Hyacinths, Tulips, and other bulbs for forcing should be 
potted as early as possible, placed in a cool frame, and 
then plunged in some porous material, such as coal-ashes, 
coarse sand, or anything which will serve to keep the roots 
cool and free from atmospheric changes, but which, from 
being moderately damp, will not abstract moisture from the 
roots, but keep them also uniformly moistened. The object 
is to produce a root action, that when heat is applied the 
leaves and flowers may possess greater vigour, in consequence 
of the roots being already in an active state, and in a con¬ 
dition to supply abundant nourishment. 
As soon as the beautiful Japan Lilies, Gladioli, and all 
bulbous plants of similar habits have done blooming, they 
should be removed to the foot of a south wall to ripen their 1 
growth, to be watered moderately till their tops show signs ■ 
of decay, when they may be laid on their sides tiU potting 
time. 
To have a late bloom of Fuchsias, let a portion of the 
slock have their young wood cut back about one half; if 
placed in a little extra heat they will break again, and go on 
blooming till Christmas. 
In arranging a variety of plants in a greenhouse, it will j 
be necessary to bear in mind that some plants have not 
finished their growth yet, and that others will not set their 
bloom without free exposure to light and air. To treat 
properly a mixed collection of plants in the same house is j 
a difficulty which but very few, if any, can entirely attain ; | 
The following is the plan of a boiler put 
j up in one of the stoves in the Society's Garden 
j at Chiswick, by Messrs. I), and G. Bailey, of 
272, Holborn. 
It is a cast-iron boiler, with a wrought-iron 
cover bolted on. Its presumed advantages 
are, that it is more economical than other 
boilers in its expenditure of fuel, as it exposes 
a very large heating surface to the fire; and 
as it contains but a small quantity of water, 
it heats quickly. 
The pipe on the top, called the combustion 
pipe, is for the purpose of forming a current 
for tlie smoke through the centre of the boiler. 
—(Horticultural Society’s Journal .) 
