408 THE COTTAGE GARDENER AND COUNTRY GENTLEMAN’S COMPANION.— September 2,1856. 
the shadow of a proof, and against all evidence, to have 
been a woman of loose life. Unfortunate women are called 
Magdalena ; we have Magdalen asylums, and even the ad¬ 
jective Maudlin, to denote the lachrymosity of drunkards^ 
and such like. 
Bud. —I have hinted above that this word was nearly 
synonymous with flower. It is evidently so in the place 
there quoted, and in Love's Labour Lost (Act V. So. 2), 
along with daisies, violets, and lady-smocks, we have “ cuckoo- 
buds of yellow line;" and in Sonnet 99,— 
“ And buds of Marjoram had stolen thy hair.” 
But I believe the original sense of the word was that which 
it still retains in rose-bud. In Shakspeare I find it almost 
always used of flowers alone, and I have not examined other 
writers. The derivation I take to be bout (Fr.), “ end,” Ac., 
noting the termination of the stalk. It is true I have met 
with no instance of the employment of bout in this sense, 
but it may have been so employed in the Middle Ages. At 
all events, the diminutive bouton has this sense, and it may 
have been clipped, like some other words, by the English. 
Wormwood. —This is an instance of the practice, to which 
I have more than once adverted, of giving foreign and other 
words a form which lias a meaning, though literally a wrong 
one. The Anglo-Saxon term, still to be found in Wicklyff, 
is ivcrmod (from werig, weary’, depressed, and mod, mind), 
i. <?., melancholy, answering to its German name wermuth, 
which may be i. q. schwermuth. 
Titmouse. —It seems strange that a bird, and if not a bat, 
should be called a mouse. The reason I take to be as fol¬ 
lows Among our ancestors, mouse was a term of endear¬ 
ment. In the Knight of the Burning Pestle, the favourite 
term for his wife with the Citizen is mouse, and Hamlet 
says to his mother (Act III. Sc. 4) :— 
“ Let the bloat king tempt you again to bed ; 
Pinch wanton on your cheek ; call you his mouse.” 
Now, the Pams, or titmouse, is a little bird very “ familiar to 
man,” and fond of keeping about his dwelling, and so be¬ 
coming a kind of favourite, he was called mouse ; and, on 
account of his size, tit (which is only another form of little, 
tittle, in fact, being little ); and then (by the alliteration 
which gave robin-redbreast, willy-wagtail, jack daw), tom- 
titmouse, and so, finally, tomtit. We have, by the way, tit 
again in titlark and tit-warbler. I presume that tittlebat is 
merely a corruption of stickleback. We have also tit, a little 
horse, and then a y’oung girl; and a “ tit bit” is a nice small 
delicate portion of food.— Thos. Keightley. — (Kotos and 
Queries.) 
NEW BOOKS. 
The Aquarium.* —The great popularity the Aquarium 
has justly acquired as an in-door source of recreation and 
instruction necessitated such a work as Messrs. Dean have 
here furnished. Its appearance has been most opportune, 
and the manner in which it has been prepared renders it 
not only a “plain,” but a sure guide to the management of 
the animals and plants with which an Aquarium is furnished. 
Indeed, any one who knows nothing of the subject may, with 
this little book in his hand, and with an ordinary amount of 
common sense to understand what it says, successfully, and 
I with pleasure to himself, set about making and stocking an 
Aquarium such as would do credit to Sir. Leach or any 
other professional furnisher. 
Aquarium Thermometer and Hydrometer.— Our readers 
will remember that, some months ago, we introduced to their 
notice a horticultural thermometer invented by Messrs. 
Negretti and Zambra, of Hatton Garden, London, and 
which has been found so very applicable to the purpose for 
which it was intended. The same gentlemen have now for¬ 
warded us specimens of two new instruments they have 
constructed for the use of the Aquarium. The one is a 
small floating thermometer, for ascertaining and regulating 
! the temperature of the water; and the other an hydrometer, 
j for ascertaining the specific gravity of the water in the salt- 
' water or marine Aquarium. 
The importance of both of these subjects in the manage- 
J * Plain Instructions for the Management of the Aquarium, or Tank 
for Gold and other Fish, Water Plants, Insects, &c. I.ondon: Dean 
and Son. 
ment of the marine Aquarium is such that we would never 
recommend any one to trust a valuable collection to what is 
called “rule of thumb," particularly as regards the specific 
gravity. The specific gravity of sea water is 1.028, and if 
this is either increased or diminished the result will be a 
total loss of the animal life contained in the Aquarium. If 
by evaporation the specific gravity is found to increase, fresh 
water must be added; and if too much has been added, so 
as to diminish the strength, then the necessary ingredients 
must be introduced ; but these matters can only be regulated 
by the use of the instruments in question, which are neat, 
portable, and cheap, both being supplied, packed in a box, 
for 4s. Cd. 
ARRANGEMENT OF FLOWERS IN RANELS. 
I have tried my flower-garden this season in the shot-silk 
style. Everybody says it is beautiful, but I do not like it 
j quite myself. There is a muddled appearance about it. 
But it has suggested to my mind what I shall call panel 
gardening, i. e., a margin of mixed colours, such as Kouiya 
maritima, Lobelia erinus oculata, Verbena Melindres, (Eno- 
t her a riparia, Calceolaria rugosa (pegged close down), and 
Verbena Melindres alba. These intermixed make a beautiful 
edging about a foot or fifteen inches wide; the centre of 
the bed to be all one colour—scarlet, purple, white, <fcc., as 
the case may be. 
My garden consists of about 100 Feds of different sizes, 
circles, and oblongs, and are arranged along the sides of 
straight walks, with weeping trees, Irish Yews, Ac., inter¬ 
mixed. My most effective beds are some circles having a 
margin of Verbena Melindres alba, Koniga, and Lobelia, with 
the centre Calceolaria rugosa. These beds always arrest 
my attention, and force me to stand and admire them. 
They are, in fact, what you call “ lady-like,” and, like the 
sex, are irresistible, anil will almost do for “ luxury em¬ 
bedded.” At least, they are of the same style of beauty. 
I have a very effective bed, nearly circular, about twelve 
feet over, composed of—outside ring, Blue Anagallis and 
Calceolaria rugosa ; second ring, Mangles' Bedder Geranium ; 
centre, Ingram's Variegated, mixed with Brilliant de Vase 
Verbena, Queen Victoria Rose in the centre as a standard. 
All my beds have Roses or other shrubs as centres; oblong 
beds have two Roses and one Irish Yew as centres, with 
Fuchsias between them, the ground work being either 
shot-silk or panelled. Weeping trees, Ac., are introduced 
between in angles, and give a grace to the whole.— John 
Scott, Merriott Nursery, Crewkerne, Somerset. 
QUERIES AND ANSWERS. 
GARDENING. 
DOUBLE-GLAZING AN ORCHID-HOUSE. 
“ I have had a small Orchid-house erected, and as Orchids 
require plenty of light, and partial shading from scorching 
sun, and as I have no one to attend to the routine of gar¬ 
dening when I am away from home, do you think that, if I 
have the top double-glazed (that is, having a number of 
spare lights, I was thinking of placing them on the top of 
the other lights of the Orchid-house, at the distance of 
about one inch and a half), I should require any shading? 
The house faces the west.—G. J. S." 
[There is no doubt your plan of double-glazing the roof 
of your Orchid-house would do away with the necessity of 
shading, and, consequently, the house could be left safe at 
any time, providing sufficient air was given. 
The plan would also in winter help to keep up the in¬ 
terior heat to a considerable extent, and thus save fuel. 
Another advantage would be the prevention of the con¬ 
densation of water on the inside of the glass, and thus 
there would be no dripping on the leaves of the Orchids, 
which is always injurious, especially in winter. 
It may be some satisfaction to you to know that Janies 
Bateman, Esq., of Knypersley Park, near Congleton, had 
formerly, and may have now, an Orchid - house double- 
glazed, which answered admirably. All the Orchid world I 
knows that Mr. Bateman is a most successful cultivator of 
