THE COTTAGE GARDENER AND COUNTRY GENTLEMAN'S COMPANION.^-Sei?tember30, 1856. 477 
I 
: 
out of the ground immediately, the roots and tops thinned 
a little, merely to give them a compact and regular shape, 
potted in good soil, and placed in a close pit or frame where 
there is a gentle bottom-heat, to excite the roots and to esta 
bhsh the plants in their pots, the better to withstand the 
vicissitudes of a long and dreary winter. Such plants are 
preferable for vases or single specimens,'as they cover’ more 
space, flower earlier, and more abundantly than young ones. 
When the frost has destroyed the beauty of the flower- 
garden, the beds and borders should be cleared and planted 
wUh Tulips, Hyacinths, Anemones, Ranunculuses, Crocuses, 
Crown Imperials, hardy Lilies, Irises, Narcissuses, &c., and 
spring-flowering plants, such as Wallflowers, Primroses,Poly¬ 
anthuses, Iberis, Alyssum, Arabis, Aubrietia purpurea, &c., 
planted in masses in the beds and borders, thus giving a 
cheerful appearance during the winter months, and pro. 
ducing a gay effect iu the spring. Tulips, and, indeed, all 
hardy bulbs, to be grown in the same place for a succession 
oi years with a fair chance of success, it is necessary to 
take away a few barrowsful of the old soil, to be filled up 
with fresh compost of turfy loam that had been frequently 
turned over for the last twelve months. About the middle of 
the month is a good time for planting the Tulip offsets, the 
beds to be raised about six inches above the alleys, and 
rounded a little in the centre, to be planted in rows six 
inches apart and two inches in depth, and to'have 
sprinkled finely-sifted compost under and over the bulbs. 
Supposing that all the tender stock of plants are carefully 
housed, and the anxiety with regard to their safety in a 
great measure diminished, more careful attention can be 
given in arranging and removing into a cold pit Brompton, 
Intermediate, or Ten-week Stocks, Myrtles, Cytisuscs, Pent- 
stemons, &c., the pots to he plunged in sand or coal-ashes, 
which are not only a protection to the roots during the frosts 
of winter, but also save much labour in watering during the 
spring months. Re careful at this season, when watering 
plants, to give it to those only that require it, to remove all 
mouldy or decaying leaves, and to keep the interior as dry 
as possible during dull, foggy weather. If mildew appears, 
flowers of sulphur to be applied immediately, which will be a 
certain preventive to the plague spreading further; and 
if the green fly appears, a fumigation of tobacco will finish 
them for the season. 
All such plants as Auriculas, Carnations, Heartsease, &e., 
that are growing in pots, should be removed to their winter 
quarters; very little water, only what is barely sufficient to 
keep their tissues from drying up and shrivelling, should he 
given, and the drier they can he kept without this taking 
place the safer they will be from injury by frost, and the 
more healthy and vigorous to produce a good bloom in the 
proper season. 
Greenhouse.— All greenhouse plants should now be housed, 
and enjoy a free circulation of air night and day for some time, 
or as long as the weather will permit. It is generally admitted, 
and for very good reasons, that about the latter part of this 
month is the best season for planting fruit-trees, and, in 
fact, all trees, both deciduous and evergreen. The heat or 
natural warmth produced by the summer and autumn sun, 
and still partly retained in the soil, will be sufficient to sti¬ 
mulate the roots and fibres to produce some more roots and 
fibres before the commencement of severe weather, by 
which means they will be better able to establish themselves 
in their new places, and to withstand the severity of winter, 
and will have a portion of organizable matter stored up in 
the system ready to start into growth when the warmth of 
the spring accelerates the motion of the sap, and which will 
greatly assist them in making new wood the following 
summer; therefore, planting fruit-trees, &c„ ought to be 
done, if possible, at this season of the year. If for some 
reason or other it cannot he done now, or during the 
following month, it will be best to postpone it to the spring, 
for, if planted during midwinter, when the ground is cold 
and generally wet, the whole system of the tree, checked by 
removal, remains stagnant, the roots and fibres decay, and, 
consequently, the injurious effects will be perceptible in 
their wretched growth in spring. Planting should he per¬ 
formed in dry weather, and the holes be made to suit the full 
extension of the roots when properly spread out, with addi¬ 
tional space for them to extend young and tender roots and 
fibres into the soil lately stirred up. It is also necessary to 
be careful that the trees are not planted too deep in the 
soil. About six inches should be the average, depth of the 
roots, nearer the surface in heavy or clayey soils, and deeper 
in sandy or gravelly ones. The influences of sun, air, rain, 
and such beneficial agents, are as effective of good to the 
roots as to the branches. The fruit-border is the favourite 
place with some persons, on which they cultivate many of 
their early spring vegetables. Although it would be best to 
keep the fruit-borders solely for the benefit of the fruit- 
trees, nevertheless it is generally considered too valuable 
for other purposes, and, therefore, it should be only used for 
light, but not deep-rooting or exhausting crops of vegetables. 
When the roots are properly spread, about six inches thick 
of the soil that had been some time before thrown out of 
the hole and broken fine, should he carefully spread over 
the roots and gently pressed down by the fork, beginning at 
the extremities of the roots, that they may, by that means, 
he kept in their proper positions ; a good watering to be 
given to settle the soil around the roots. Cutting off the 
branches of trees at the time of removal is a bad practice, 
as it lessens the amount of the living principle, or the or¬ 
ganizable matter that is stored up in every branch. Now is 
also the best time to carry into operation any new ground¬ 
work, or alterations in the flower-garden or pleasure-ground, 
for the reason given above. Turfy loam, leaf-mould, dung 
of various sorts, so generally used for composts, should now 
he collected and stacked up in separate heaps under cover. 
To compensate, in some measure, for the want of flowers, 
it is necessary to be doubly diligent to clear away all dead 
flowers and leaves, and, by hoeing and rakiDg the borders, to 
give a clean, cheerful, and lively appearance to the whole.— 
William Keane. 
NAMING FLORISTS’ FLOWERS CORRECTLY. 
“ Quando bonus dormitat Homerus.” Even Mr. Beaton 
himself may be caught napping; as, for instance, in the 
August number of The Cottage Gardener. In page 346, 
speaking of the Verbena Brillant dc Vaise, he says, “ All our 
florists are wrong in writing Vaise for Vase; thei’e is not such 
a word as Vaise in the Erench language. It may he a slang 
word among fellows who bud Roses and lay Pinks without 
shoe or stocking, but ‘ dress’ at night for the theatre; but I 
must have a whole chapter some day on the corrections of 
the spelling of bedding-plants. A new world has opened 
before me in this Experimental Garden—more catalogues, 
more names, more confusion, and more dog-Latin than the 
old world has any conception of.” 
May I ask Mr. Beaton if Vaise or Vaize is not a suburb 
of Lyons, and whether the Verbena in question did not take 
its name from this place ? 
Again, apropos of dog Latin, in page 271 of the last July 
number of The Cottage Gardener, he says, “ It is quite 
wrong to call it Diadematum regina; I named it myself 
Diadematum regium : the meaning is lloyal Diadem.'' Now, 
Diadematum regina has the advantage of being sense ; it 
means Queen of Diadems ; whereas Diadematmn regium is 
nonsense. Diadema regium is Royal Diadem.-—LI. C. K., 
■-- Rectory, Hereford, 
[We have two other communications on the same subject, 
and as they ask for our opinion, we at once reply that we 
consider Brillant de Raise the correct mode of spelling ; 
and that that which is correct should he adopted. We 
cannot agree with the desirability of the practice of mingling 
either English and Latin, or English and French, merely for 
sound’s sake. Let the name be all Latin, or all French, or all 
English. In the instance which has led to these remarks 
we see no objection to an entire translation of the name, for 
“ The Brilliant of Vaise ” we think preferable to any that 
has been suggested. Indeed, wo are of opinion that in 
English gardens English names should be adopted wherever 
practicable. Memento of Malmaison we think far preferable 
to Souvenir dc la Malmuisoii; and Sun of Gold much better 
than Soldi d'Or; It is mere affectation to call a flower Due 
d'Orange when Duke of Orange is so much better; and why 
should such a milk-and-water name as Tile Live he adopted 
when Titus Livius is so much more noble in sound ? We. 
wish our florists would show they have more good taste and 
more common sense than to adopt any longer such a 
spurious nomenclature for their flowers.] 
