April 20. 
THE COTTAGE GARDENER. 
41 
surface of the membrane of the frond. The name is in 
honour of M. Dumont, a French naturalist.”— Greville. 
D, filiformis (Thread shaped).—Stones and rocks; 
j common, with a remarkably pungent smell; branches from 
1 ten to fourteen inches long, gelatinous, of a deep purple, 
sometimes tinted with green and yellow. There is a twisted 
or curled variety, which is the most common form. 
11. HALYMENIA. Ag. 
\ “ Frond compressed, or flat, gelatinoso-membranaceous, 
consisting of a double membrane, separated by a very lax 
network of articulated filaments; cells of the membrane, 
minute, coloured. Fructification spherical masses of spores 
(favellidia), immersed in the frond, attached to the inner ] 
surface of the membranous periphery. Name from the sea 
and a membrane.”— Harvey. 
H. ligulata (Strap shaped).—Growing on stones and 
rocks, principally on the southern shores of England and 
Ireland, but not very rare in the west of Scotland. Frond 
! from six to eight inches long, frequently divided, but very 
variable inform; when the colour is good (rose-red), it is 
a very pretty plant. 
12. GINANNIA. Mont. 
“ Frond terete, dichotomous, membranaceo-gelatinous, 
traversed by a fibrous axis, from which slender, dichoto¬ 
mous, horizontal filaments radiate towards the mem¬ 
branous periphery; surface cellules hexagonal. Fructifica¬ 
tion spherical masses immersed in the frond, affixed to the 
inner coating; composed of radiating filaments, whose apical 
joints are converted into spores. Name in honour of Count 
Ginnani, an Italian botanist.”— Harvey. 
G. furcellata (Forklet).—Rare ; on rocks and stones in 
the sea; fronds from two to six inches long; found on the 
English and Irish shores, but not got in Scotland, says Dr. 
Landsborough, until 1850, when it was dredged in Arran by 
Mrs. Balfour, of Edinburgh. 
13. IvALLYMENIA. J. Ag. 
“ Stem short, cylindrical, suddenly expanding into a 
roundish, sub-simple, or irregularly cleft, somewhat lobed 
frond; favellidia densely scattered over the frond.” “ Name 
from words signifying beauty and a membrane.” 
I. K. reniformis (Kidney-shaped).—Stem short and 
round, simple or branched, spreading into a roundish or 
kidney-shaped frond ; of a soft, thick substance, and blood- 
red colour. Rather rare; but found “from Orkney to 
Cornwall.” 
2. R. Dudyi —On rocks, within tide marks. Fronds 
six to twelve inches long; colour dull brown-rod, and much 
resembling Trulcea cditlis. It has not been found in Scot¬ 
land. The specimen from which the accompanying plate 
is figured is from Cornwall. 
14. TRI1KEA. Bory. 
“ Frond flat, expanded carnose, or gelatinoso-carnose, 
more or less of a purplish-red colour. Fructification glo¬ 
bules, of roundish seeds, imbedded between the two coats of 
the frond.”— Greville. 
T. edulis (Eatable). — Common on rocks near low 
water. Colour a fine deep red ; rather thick or “ leathery 
fronds.” It is said to be sometimes eaten by the fishermen; 
at any rate it is a popular dish in the sea, for it is rare to 
find a frond which has not been nibbled. 
lb. CATENELLA. Grev. 
“ Fronds thread-shaped, somewhat compressed, creeping, 
throwing up numerous branches, contracted, as if jointed in 
a moniliform manner, composed interiorly of branched 
filaments, radiating from the centre.”— Greville. 
C. oruNTJA (Indian-fig-like).—A pretty little plant, though 
rather small and much resembling Chylocladia articulata ; 
it is not uncommon; its little fronds are thickly -matted 
together; colour a crimson-purple ; substance tender. It 
does not adhere very well to paper. Its specific name is 
from its resemblance to the jointed leaves of Cactus opuntia. 
—S. B. 
( To be continued.) 
SHANGHAES, AS RECENTLY EXHIBITED. 
{Concluded from page 27.) 
Hitherto we have spoken of Shanghaes generally; par¬ 
ticular mention of the separate varieties may now follow. 
As in previous years, the “ Buff and Cinnamon ” classes , 
have obtained the greatest number of entries. The former, 
indeed, have, perhaps, received greater attention at the 
breeder’s hand than any other of the whole family. Popular 
taste, sanctioned by the evident fault of the opposite extreme, 
has here demanded that the hackle should be perfectly 
clear, i.e., free from dark markings; and, to gain this, other 
properties and characteristics have too often been lost sight 
of. The necklace, technically speaking, where the extremi¬ 
ties of the feathers are merely tipped or lightly edged with 
black, and where it is limited to a space not exceeding two 
inches from the shoulders, is far from disagreeable, to our 
eye, as it serves to exhibit the ground-colour to the best 
advantage. Here, as elsewhere, in discussing the colours 
of a bird’s plumage, our estimate should be formed on the 
acknowledged principles that regulate their effect on other | 
occasions and for other purposes. Anything, on the other 
hand, that approaches a decided harsh contrast of the 
whole neck to the general body colour of the bird, is i 
certainly, we must admit, among those things that ought j 
not to be. 
In seeking the lighter tints of fawn and yellow, we have I 
constantly missed our aim, and aided the production of 
“ mealy ” birds, with a greater or less proportion of white j 
feathers interspersed in the plumage. Against such there | 
is a very general and just prejudice; and, probably, no \ 
error has ever been the source of greater mortification to 
the Shangliae breeder than his own anxiety for the lighter 
colours, irrespective of a clear, decided, and uniform tone. 
The cinnamons are here an illustration of our meaning, 
those especially whose colour is identical with that of the 
substance whence they obtain their name. We here find a 
clearness, and, at the same time, a depth of tone, that in 
well selected specimens invariably elicits admiration. 
The darker cinnamons, the cocks more particularly, in 
such cases as they have been correctly matched with their 
hens, have proved attractive, but the hens are too subject to j 
a slightly mottled character, and the tide of popularity in , 
favour of the buff and lemon birds places the former at 
a disadvantage in the same class. 
The silver-cinnamons have but seldom had the male 
birds suited in feather to the hens. At Birmingham, in 
1853, however, this too unusual defect was absent, and 
some very uniform pens were there exhibited. Even these, 
however, were open to the objection of too great an 
opposition of colours on the neck and body. 
How rarely do we now meet with a really good pen of 
Partridge birds, either in respect of form or feather ? Here, 
assuredly, there has been great deterioration, attributable, 
possibly, to comparative neglect, as the buff may have 
suffered from an unwise preference of one particular point. 
The short-legged, compact-bodied birds of this class are 
now of rare occurrence, and still more seldom has their 
characteristic plumage been preserved. Full half the hens 
are partially buff, especially on the breast and neck, and, 
with few exceptions, they fail short of former weight. 
