148 
THE COTTAGE GARDENER. 
May 25. 
manure, or they will not flower finely. Pink Seedlings, prick out; 
j make layers. Pipings (or cuttings) of Carnations and Pinks may be 
planted. Potted Flowers, dress, stir earth, and water regularly. 
Ranunculuses, take up as leaves wither, dry and store. Roses, bud, 
lay, and inarch ; fumigate with tobacco to destroy the aphis or green fly; 
Roses out-of-doors, wash with tobacco or ammonia water. Salvia 
Patens, pinch down centre stem to make it bushy. Seedlings of 
I Perennials and Biennials transplant. Seeds (ripe), gather in dry weather. 
Seed Vessels, remove, to prolong flowering. Water, give freely and 
frequently to all newly-moved plants, and to others in dry weather; early 
j in the morning or late in the evening is the best time. Brornpton Stocks 
and Moss's Intermediate should be sown on a north border. Sow another 
j succession of the low annuals to flower late, b. Peg down Salvias, and 
for a time, until the layers are rooted, cut off the flowers. Verbenas, 
I peg down to cover the beds sooner. Tulits, continue to shade to pro- 
1 long the bloom, b.; towards e. expose them to full sun to ripen the 
bulbs; take olf seed-vessels for the same purpose. Slips of Double 
Wallflowers, Sweet Williams, and Rockets, put in either under hand¬ 
glass or under a north wall or low hedge. D. Beaton. 
ORCHARD. 
Aphides, destroy on all trained-trees. Apricots, thin for tarts, 
destroy caterpillars. Apples, search for caterpillars and dress for Ame- 
! rican blight. Currants, stop watery wood. Currants (black), water 
j if dry; cleanse from fly. Cherries, free from aphides. Disbud all 
trained trees. Figs, thin the young wood, and stop. Fruit of all kinds 
thin where too thick. Gooseberries, free from caterpillars. Insects 
in general try to extirpate. Mulching, practice where necessary. Nec¬ 
tarines : see Peaches. Nuts, dress away suckers. Peaches, thin 
both wood and fruit, and stop gross shoots. Plums, cleanse from 
aphides, and disbud. Pears, disbud and stop. Raspberries thin 
suckers. Strawberries, water if dry, clean runners, and put some- 
| thing to keep fruit clean; beware of mice. Strawberry (Alpine), 
clear runners from, and water. Stopping, practice constantly, where 
necessary. Thinning, practice with both fruit and wood. Training, 
commence and continne. Top-dressing, attend to. Vermin, destroy. 
Vines, thin shoots, and stop. Watering, attend to. Wasps, destroy. 
R. Krrington. 
FORCING STOVE. 
Atmospheric Moisture, secure liberally, and continue to increase. 
| Cucumbers, keep thinned and stopped ; give plenty of atmospheric 
moisture to. Cherries, water liberally, and cleanse from aphides; ven¬ 
tilate very freely. Capsicums, shift finally and place in a warm situa¬ 
tion. Fire-heat, dispense with as much as possible. Grapes, thin, 
stop, and tie shoulders of the late ones. Grapes ripening, remove a 
few laterals. Liquid Manure, apply where size and strength are re¬ 
quired. Melons, attend to setting, water freely, but not frequently, 
when swelling ; thin the vines very frequently, and attend to linings; use 
dressing and fumigations to avert the attacks of insects. Nectarines, 
treat as Peaches. Peaches, disbud, and stop gross shoots; apply liquid 
manure, and thin fruit. Peaches ripening, remove those leaves or 
portions which shade the fruit. Pines, shade for a few hours if the sun 
is intense; shift liberally the succession ; water all when necessary, and 
keep a jealous eye on bottom-heats. Strawbrries, turn out healthy 
plants from forcing-house; they will fruit in September. Shading, 
practice with delicate things, during intense sunshine. Vines, attend to 
disbudding and stopping. Ventilate freely. Watering, neglect not. 
R. Errington. 
GREENHOUSE. 
Air, admit freely to all the hardier plants, such as Cinerarias, Calceo¬ 
larias, &c., as the cooler they are kept the longer will they bloom, and 
the freer will they be from insects. The Hardier Plants should now 
be placed out-of-doors, in a sheltered place, to make room for fresh im¬ 
portations from the pits; and here arises the great difficulty in the case 
of those who have only one house, as the plants removed, intended to be 
kept for another year, would have been all the better to have been kept in 
until the fresh wood was made. Many winter-flowering things, such as 
Daphnes , Cytisus , Heaths, &c., may now be set in a sheltered place out- 
of-doors, and safely kept; but they will neither bloom so fine nor yet so 
early as they would have done had they been kept longer in the house. 
Another difficulty arises from the wish to make this single greenhouse 
suitable for plants in bloom requiring a cool atmosphere ; and plants 
done blooming, such as early Camellias and Azaleas, that require a high 
temperature, and a moist atmosphere, to enable them to make their wood 
and set their buds early. Any greenhouse may now be used admirably 
for this purpose, merely by shutting it up early in the afternoon ; syring¬ 
ing the plants at the same time, and give but little air during the day ; 
but then this would soon ruin the health and appearance of such things as 
Calceolarias, &c., in bloom; though it would answer well for bringing on 
large Fuchsias and Geraniums for succession. Hence the importance of 
screens, &c., for securing different temperatures. Plants, placed at 
first in a sheltered place, must in general be fully exposed before autumn, 
to perfect their wood. Altogether, after the few days shading at first, the 
pots, or rather the roots in the pots, suffer more from complete exposure 
than the branches. The great thing is to avoid sudden extremes. Cacti 
will now want watering freely, and full exposure to sun, to have the 
flowers fine, or perfect the wood of the early kinds. Cuttings insert, 
and pot off when struck ; many of the first struck will make fine plants 
for autumn and the beginning of winter. Climbers —many tender 
annuals, such as Thunbcrgia and Ipomea, may now be introduced, 
either upon pillars or trellises. Nothing suits annual kinds better 
than a young tree, or the branch of a tree, well stored with twigs. 
Kennedy as and Z ichyus fasten to pillars and trellisses/so that the flower¬ 
ing shoots may hang gracefully and negligently. The same may be said 
of Passifloras, &c. Cleanliness must be particularly attended to. 
No plants can be healthy with yellow or dust-encrusted leaves; and the 
sight of such is always a speaking reproach. The system of picking off 
every yellow leaf that presented itself as you went round with the water¬ 
ing-pot would prevent the woe-begone aspect which yellow-leaved plants 
always wear. It always shows a want of system when a set period must 
be appointed for picking the dead leaves from plants. Grafting may 
still be done, in the case of Myrtles, Oranges, Daphnes, Camellias, &c.: 
but, as it is getting late, you must try and obtain scions from retarded* 
plants, and then place them in a gentle hotbed, and keep them close 
until the union is effected. Oranges and Lemons should have the 
blossom thinned and impregnated where fruit is wanted. Seedlings 
of all kinds prick off. See what was lately said about Achimenes, Glox¬ 
inias, Gesneras. Every one with a cucumber-box, and a cupboard in his 
kitchen, may stock his greenhouse with them in summer. Shift every¬ 
thing that requires it, for all vital action is now rapidly progressing. 
Soils procure, and husband in a dry state ; for top-spit, turf, nothing is 
better than stacking it in narrow ridges, and thatching it to keep it dry. 
This kept a twelvemonth will be fitter for use than mould regularly 
turned and chopped ever so often during the season. Torenia Asiatica 
is now a fine object in a greenhouse; it looks most elegant in a vase, 
elevated a foot or eighteen inches with sprigs, and the most of the shoots 
allowed to dangle over the sides of the vase. Watering will be required 
oftener; and, in small pots, sometimes twice a day. Manure-water 
may be given liberally, to promote luxuriant growth when wanted. Let 
it be weak, however, and given often. Young hands often make great 
blunders in using it too strong, especially when plants are young. 
R. Fish. 
KITCHEN-GARDEN. 
Alexanders, earth-stir and earth-up. Angelica, earth-stir, or earth- 
up, as the case may require, and promote strong growth with liquid- 
manure water. Asparagus seedlings, keep clear of weeds, and earth- 
stir to promote growth; beds in cutting sprinkle with salt once a week 
during the cutting season, and earth-stir often with some pointed im¬ 
plements ; discontinue cutting about the 20th. Basil, plant out in rich 
1 warm borders in full crop, and water well previously to planting, should 
the weather be dry. Broad-Beans, plant out for late crops in cool 
situations, in a rich soil, and water well at the time of planting in dry 
weather. Beets, thin out, and fill up any vacant spaces ; do this of a 
dull evening, with care, and water well at the time. Borage, thin ten 
inches apart, and save seed from autumn-sown. Borecoles, prick out 
of all kinds, four to six inches apart every way. Brussels Sprouts 
i the same. Brocolis the same, and plant out finally of early kinds, such 
i as the Cape and Walcheren. Cabbages, prick or plant out finally. 
I Carrots, thin out main crops five to seven inches apart, and use the hoe 
freely among them. Cardoons, thin out and attend to. Cauliflowers, 
prick out, or plant out in succession ; basin up the early crop, and water 
1 well, and with manured water at least once a-week, and look over and 
i invert a few leaves down over the heads of those that are turning in, to 
preserve them of a white colour. Celery, prick out, and plant out 
j finally, and water wellj at the same time. Cucumbers, plant out under 
| hand-glasses on a little bottom-heat; keep the glasses close until the 
| plants are established, after which inure them to the open air by tilting, 
i &c. Those in a forwarder state, let the earth round the hills or ridges be 
i well forked up for the roots to run out; stop and train out their stems ; 
| those in pits and frames should be weekly attended to, as to stopping and 
I thinking, and all decayed leaves removed, and a top-dressing given if 
I required. Capsicums, plant out in warm borders. Endive, make a 
little sowing of both kinds, Batavian and Green Curled , for early use. 
| Garlic, Shallots, and Underground Onions will be fit to take up 
i towards the end of the month, and should be dried off well before being 
stored away for use. Herbs of all kinds should be cut when in flower 
for drying or distilling. Jerusalem Artichokes, keep clear of weeds. 
Kidney-Beans, dwarfs and runners, sow for late and last crops, and 
should the ground be very wet at the time of sowing, give a thorough 
soaking of water, which will cause them to vegetate quickly ; attend to 
sticking and earth-stirring among advancing crops. Leeks, thin out and 
transplant. Lettuces, sow often, and thin out early ; they should be 
sown where they are to remain, to mature their growth ; place strong 
sticks to those intended for seed to tie them to, and tie in a few weekly 
for use, according to consumption. Melons, lose no time in planting 
out for late and last crops ; look daily to those setting their fruit; attend 
to this setting and stopping about eleven o’clock in the forenoon, and to 
top-dressing and earthing-up, &c., about three in the afternoon of a fine 
calm day, after which sprinkle with water, and shut up early; giving an 
abundance of air to those ripening off their fruit, and be sparing of water 
among them. Mint, keep clear of weeds. Sweet or Knotted Mar¬ 
joram, plant out in rich, warm borders. Onions, pay particular atten¬ 
tion to early thinning-out, and surface earth-stirring, or fill up any vacant 
spaces, by transplanting. Parsley, sow or thin out, and transplant. 
Hamburgh Parsley, thin out. Parsnips, finally thin out eight to 
ten inches apart, and use the hoc freely among them. Peas, any of the 
tall Knight's Marrow kind may be sown the first of this month, the earth 
being thoroughly soaked with water, should the weather be dry; but to¬ 
wards the end sow any of the dwarfer early kinds, such as Early War¬ 
wick, &ic.; attend to hoeing and sticking advancing crops. Potatoes, 
attend to earth-stirring or earthing-up without injury to the young fibre. 
Radishes, sow often in cool situations, in rich soil. Savoys, prick and 
plant out finally. Spinach, sow in succession, and thin out. Sea-kale, 
attend to surface-stirring and thinning-out old crowns, if not already 
done; seedlings thin ont; cut away any flower-stems unless seed is re¬ 
quired. Scorzonera, Salsafy, and Skirrets, thin out from four to 
six inches apart; use the hoe.freely to encourage growth. Turnips, 
sow, and thin out young crops. Vegetable Marrows, lose no time in 
planting out. Thyme, plant out seedlings, b. Use the hoe freely in dry 
weather; attend to all kinds of pricking or planting-out in rainy weather, 
or during evenings, as very much may be done in this way at that time of 
the day during very dry and hot weather ; for pricking-out, let the beds 
or borders be dug up, made neat, and lined out, and thoroughly well 
watered an hour or two before hand, and again after planting. 
T. Weaver. 
London: Printed by Harry Wooldridge, Winchester High-street, 
in the Parish of Saint Mary Kalendar; and Published by William 
Somerville Orr, of Church Hill, Walthamstow, in the County of 
Essex, at the Office, No. 2, Amen Corner, in the Parish of Christ 
Church, City of London.—May 25th, 1854. 
