September 5. 
THE COTTAGE GARDENER. 
437 
pinnae, or leaves, oval-shaped, sharply cut into segments 
at the edge. Seed-vessels oblong, covering the under 
surface of the leaves. Steins scaly and winged. Root- 
stock creeping, hut slowly increased by division, and 
the root-bulbs formed at the ends of the fronds. As 
several species propagate themselves by these self-formed 
appendages, I may just as w'ell describe for all how to 
manage these proliferous leaves. When the tufty bulb 
or knob has become a moderate size, fill a small pot with 
the proper compost, and place it so near to the pro¬ 
liferous frond as to allow the end just to reach the 
centre of the pot. Then either peg it down with a hooked 
stick, or lay a small stone upon the frond, just behind 
the knob, pressing it down close to the soil. Then water 
gently, and let it alone till roots are formed, and young 
fronds have made some progress. Then cut it off, and 
place the young plant or plants under a bell-glass till 
fairly established, then give a little air, and gradually 
inure them to bear the open air; afterwards repot them 
and treat them exactly like the old-established plants. 
T. Appleby. 
(To be continued.) 
EARLY-FLOWERING BORDER PLANTS. 
(Continued from page 379.) 
CARD AMINE. 
Derived from Kardamon, watercress ; having the 
same sharp taste. A genus of plants that grow chiefly 
in marshy ground; but will thrive in any garden soil 
not too sandy or rich. The Double Ladies Smock, or 
Cardaminepalustris pleno, is a well-known plant in our 
gardens. It is, in its single state, called the Meadow 
Cuckoo flower. 
C. palustris pleno, a garden variety; flowering in 
April; growing a foot high, and of a light purple 
colour; increased readily by dividing the roots after 
the blooming is over. 
C. trifolia (Three-leaved); native of Switzerland; 
growing two feet high, with white flowers, which appear 
in May; increased by division. 
C. uliginosa (Bog); a plant from Tauria, with white 
May flowers; growing a foot high; requires a moist 
situation. 
CIIEIRANTHU S. 
The derivation of this name is rather curious; it is 
from cheir the hand, and anlhos a flower; in reference 
to the custom of carrying the Wallflower in the hand 
for a nosegay. The literal translation would be “ the 
Haudflower.” All the species, which include the Wall¬ 
flower, like a sandy dry soil. 
C. alpinus (Alpine); native of the south of Europe; 
flowering in May; of a pale yellow; growing six 
inches high ; increased by cuttings under a bell-glass in 
a cold frame. 
C. linifolius (Flag-leaved); native of Spain; flowers 
in April; growing two feet high; colour purple; increased 
by cuttings. A plant or two should be kept in a cold 
frame through winter. 
C. Mabshallii (Marshall’s Wallflower); a garden 
hybrid. This is the prettiest of all the genus; colour 
deep orange-yellow; flowering in April; growing nine 
inches high; increased by cuttings, in sand, in heat, 
without a bell glass, if shaded from the sun. It should 
be grown largely as it is so very ornamental. As an 
early bedding-out plant it stands unrivalled for its clear 
bright colour. I have not mentioned the common Wall¬ 
flower (Cheirantlms Cheiri), because every lady knows 
it so well, and understands its culture. 
CONVALLAKIA. 
C. ma.talis (Lily of the Valley); native of Britain. 
This lovely flower is everybody’s favourite; but its 
culture by the million is but imperfectly understood. 
It requires a light soil, and a shady situation, not too 
moist. Prepare a narrow border behind a north wall by 
mixing the soil with leaf-mould, or very well-decomposed 
stable-dung. Dig it deep, and then draw drills, five 
inches apart, across the border. Take a batch of roots 
and divide them. Lay them along the drills rather thickly, 
and cover them two inches thick with light soil from the 
compost heap, press it down with a garden rake, and 
they will require no further care excepting keeping clear 
of weeds. In this border they may remain several 
years, and will produce plenty of flowers, especially 
when the roots have spread and covered the border in a 
compact mass. 
Forcing .—The Lily of the Valley forces well, and may 
be brought into flower as early as February. Take up 
; as many roots as may be required for that purpose, 
I choose such as have round plump buds; these contain 
flowers. Plant six or eight of these buds, with their 
roots attached, into five-inch pots, in good rich soil. 
This should be done in November, and the pots placed 
| in a cold frame to cause them to put out fresh roots, 
j Make up a gentle hotbed towards the end of December, 
and as soon as the heat is moderate, cover the surface 
with coal-ashes, and place the pots upon them. Water 
them as they require it, and give air freely in moderate 
weather, covering up closely during severe frost. With 
this care they will do well and bloom freely, and will 
serve to ornament the greenhouse with their beautiful 
foliage and lovely sweet-scented blossoms. Where the 
flowers are only required for cuttings, the roots may be 
be taken up in large squares, and placed en masse in the 
frame, and allowed to bloom there. 
There is a double-flowered variety, and one with pale 
purple flowers, both desirable and worthy of cultivation. 
CORTUSA. 
Cortusa Matthioli (Matthioli’s); native of Austria ; 
flowers in April, pale red in colour, growing afoot high. 
This is a very pretty early flower, but rather tender As 
i it produces seed freely, it is desirable to sow a little 
every year, and keep a few plants in pots under a cold 
| frame. It thrives best in peat and loam, and planted in 
a warm south border. It is a deciduous perennial; that I 
I is, loses its leaves in the autumn. 
CORYDALIS. 
I A tribe of early-flowering plants, some of which are 
bulhs, and some others are transferred now to the genus 
Dielytra. The name is derived from lcorydalos, the lark, 
the hinder part resembling the spur of the lark. I 
intend to give a few papers on early-flowering bulbs, 
and, therefore, shall defer the bulbous species of this 
genus till then. 
C. flavula (Yellowish); native of Russia; flower- 
i ing in May; colour yellow; height six inches; increased 
by division. 
C. pceonlefolia (Pceony-leaved); native of Siberia; 
flowering so early as February ; growing one foot high; 
with purple flowers; increased by division. 
CYNOGLOSSUM. 
This is usually known as the “ Hound’s Tongue.” 
Name derived from bjon, a dog, and glossa, a tongue. 
A large genus of plants containing annuals, biennials, 
and p°ercnnials, the prevailing colours of the flowers are 
blue and purple. There are only a few that bloom early. 
C. Appenninum (Apennine); from Italy; flowering 
in May; growing six inches high ; with reddish-purple 
flowers; increased by seeds. Little better than a 
biennial. 
C. Ancbcsioijdes (Anchusa-like); latterly introduced 
from Cashmere; has blue flowers, appearing in May; 
